This study aimed to estimate the influences of flax oil and a mixture of ethyl esters of fatty acids from flax oil added to a milk replacer (MR) formulation on the biochemical, immunological, and antioxidant status of blood, production parameters, and health of calves. Twenty-seven Holstein-Frisian calves were assigned to 3 groups: the control group without fat added to the diet (CON, n = 9), a group receiving ethyl esters of flax oil (10 g/d) with lyophilized apples (25 g; MRE), or a group receiving flax oil (10 g/d) with lyophilized apples (25 g; MRL). The study was conducted from d 14 to d 42 of life. Intake of MR and feed were recorded daily, and fecal scores, rectal temperature, and body weight were recorded weekly. Laboratory blood tests were conducted every 7 d from d 14 to 42. Supplementation with the formulation containing ethyl esters of flax oil (MRE) positively affected health, average daily weight gain, growth rate, and feed efficiency. Intake of the starter feed was lower in the calves receiving the formulation with flax oil (MRL). The MRE formulations lowered the concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL fraction in blood serum and decreased the total antioxidant capacity (TAS) and levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The MRL formulation increased TAS and GPx levels in blood serum. The MRE treatment limited the circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor. The MRE and MRL preparations lowered the concentration of SFA (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1) in blood serum, and MRE significantly increased levels of α-linolenic acid. The MRE and MRL preparations beneficially affected production and physiological parameters. Our data support the idea that supplementation with n-3 fatty acids improves calf growth and metabolic and oxidative functions in young calves.

中文翻译：

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n-3脂肪酸对断奶前犊牛生长，抗氧化状态和免疫力的影响。

这项研究旨在评估亚麻油和亚麻油中脂肪酸混合物的脂肪酸乙酯混合物，将其添加到牛奶代用品（MR）配方中对血液的生化，免疫和抗氧化状态，生产参数以及小牛健康的影响。将27只Holstein-Frisian小牛分为3组：不添加脂肪的对照组（CON，n = 9），接受亚麻油乙酯（10 g / d）和冻干的苹果（25 g）的组。 ； MRE），或接受亚麻油（10 g / d）和冻干的苹果（25 g； MRL）的小组。该研究是在生命的第14至42天进行的。每天记录MR和饲料的摄入量，并每周记录粪便评分，直肠温度和体重。从第14天到42天每7天进行实验室血液检查。补充含有亚麻油（MRE）乙酯的配方对健康，平均日增重，生长速率和饲料效率产生积极影响。在接受含亚麻油（MRL）配方的犊牛中，起子饲料的摄入量较低。MRE制剂降低了血清中甘油三酸酯，总胆固醇和LDL分数的浓度，并降低了总抗氧化能力（TAS）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）的水平。MRL制剂增加了血清中的TAS和GPx水平。MRE治疗限制了肿瘤坏死因子的循环水平。MRE和MRL制剂降低了血清中SFA（C16：0，C18：0，C18：1）的浓度，MRE显着提高了α-亚麻酸的水平。MRE和MRL制剂有利地影响生产和生理参数。我们的数据支持这样的想法，即补充n-3脂肪酸可以改善小牛犊的生长以及小牛的代谢和氧化功能。