James J. Gibson, the founder of ecological psychology, introduced a radical empiricist approach to perception and action centered on direct perception in naturalistic environments that was counter to popular representational views of his time. This direct perception approach and the associated introduction of the affordance concept have been extremely influential in several fields of study. However, since its inception, the affordance concept has evolved in a manner such that it now deviates significantly from Gibson’s original intention. This review follows use of the affordance concept by four sets of influential experimental psychologists: Gibson, Donald Norman, Mike Tucker and Rob Ellis, and Daniel Bub and Michael Masson. Particular attention is paid to the manner in which they applied the concept and the contributions provided by each set of researchers. The primary goal of this review is to determine what cognitive psychologists can take away from developments within the field and what considerations should be taken into account when using the term affordance. Having a more thorough understanding of the factors that led to the concept of affordance and its recent reformulations will better equip cognitive psychologists and, by extension, human factors researchers to further advance the study of perception–action relations.

生态心理学的创始人詹姆斯·吉布森（James J. Gibson）提出了一种激进的经验主义者的知觉和行动方法，这种方法以自然主义环境中的直接知觉为中心，这与当时的流行代表性观点背道而驰。这种直接感知的方法以及相关的收费概念的引入在几个研究领域中都具有极大的影响力。但是，自从诞生以来，可负担性概念已经发展到现在已经大大偏离了吉布森的初衷。这篇评论是在四组有影响力的实验心理学家对使用收费概念的使用之后进行的：吉布森，唐纳德·诺曼，迈克·塔克和罗伯·埃利斯，以及丹尼尔·布布和迈克尔·马森。特别注意他们应用该概念的方式以及每组研究人员提供的贡献。这篇综述的主要目的是确定哪些认知心理学家可以摆脱该领域的发展，以及在使用该术语时应考虑哪些考虑因素负担能力。对导致负担概念及其最近的重新定义的因素有更透彻的了解，将更好地为认知心理学家和人为因素研究人员提供装备，以进一步推进感知－行动关系的研究。