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Interferon-Gamma Modulation of the Local T Cell Response to Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis.
Viruses ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-16 , DOI: 10.3390/v12010113
Victoria K Baxter 1, 2 , Diane E Griffin 1
Affiliation  

Infection of mice with Sindbis virus (SINV) provides a model for examining the role of the immune response to alphavirus infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is an important component of this response, and we show that SINV-infected differentiated neurons respond to IFN-γ in vitro by induction of antiviral genes and suppression of virus replication. To determine the in vivo effects of IFN-γ on SINV clearance and T cell responses, C57BL/6 mice lacking IFN-γ or IFN-γ receptor-1 were compared to wild-type (WT) mice after intracranial SINV infection. In WT mice, IFN-γ was first produced in the CNS by natural killer cells and then by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Mice with impaired IFN-γ signaling initiated clearance of viral RNA earlier than WT mice associated with CNS entry of more granzyme B-producing CD8+ T cells. However, these mice established fewer CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells and were more likely to experience reactivation of viral RNA synthesis late after infection. Therefore, IFN-γ suppresses the local development of granzyme B-expressing CD8+ T cells and slows viral RNA clearance but promotes CD8+ TRM cell establishment.

中文翻译:


干扰素-γ 调节局部 T 细胞对甲病毒脑脊髓炎的反应。



感染辛德比斯病毒 (SINV) 的小鼠提供了一个模型,用于检查免疫反应对中枢神经系统 (CNS) 甲病毒感染的作用。干扰素-γ (IFN-γ) 是这种反应的重要组成部分,我们表明,SINV 感染的分化神经元在体外通过诱导抗病毒基因和抑制病毒复制来对 IFN-γ 做出反应。为了确定 IFN-γ 对 SINV 清除和 T 细胞反应的体内影响,将缺乏 IFN-γ 或 IFN-γ 受体 1 的 C57BL/6 小鼠与颅内 SINV 感染后的野生型 (WT) 小鼠进行比较。在 WT 小鼠中,IFN-γ 首先由自然杀伤细胞在中枢神经系统中产生,然后由 CD4+ 和 CD8+ T 细胞产生。 IFN-γ信号传导受损的小鼠比 WT 小鼠更早开始清除病毒 RNA,这与更多产生颗粒酶 B 的 CD8+ T 细胞进入 CNS 相关。然而,这些小鼠建立的 CD8+ 组织驻留记忆 T (TRM) 细胞较少,并且更有可能在感染后期重新激活病毒 RNA 合成。因此,IFN-γ 抑制表达颗粒酶 B 的 CD8+ T 细胞的局部发育,减缓病毒 RNA 清除,但促进 CD8+ TRM 细胞的建立。
更新日期:2020-01-16
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