Advances in research in Cultural Heritage see increasing application of a multidisciplinary approach and the combined use of physical and chemical characterization of artefacts that can be used to define their structure and their state of conservation, also providing valuable information in selecting the most suitable microclimatic conditions for the exhibition environment. This approach provides a platform for a synergic collaboration amongst researchers, restorers, conservators, and archaeologists. Existing state-of-the-art technologies for neutron-based methods are currently being applied to the study of objects of historical and cultural interest in several neutron-beam facilities around the world. Such techniques are non-invasive and non-destructive and are, therefore, ideal to provide structural information about artefacts, such as their composition, presence of alterations due to the environmental conditions, inclusions, structure of the bulk, manufacturing techniques, and elemental composition, which provide an overall fingerprint of the object's characteristics, thanks to the nature of the interaction of neutrons with matter. Here, we present an overview of the main neutron methods for the characterization of materials of interest in Cultural Heritage and we provide a brief introduction to the sensors and detectors that are used in this framework. We conclude with some case studies underlining the impact of these applications in different archaeological and historical contexts.

中文翻译：

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用于文化遗产技术、传感器和检测的中子。


文化遗产研究的进展看到越来越多的多学科方法的应用以及文物物理和化学特征的结合使用，这些特征可用于定义其结构和保护状态，也为选择最合适的小气候条件提供了宝贵的信息。展览环境。这种方法为研究人员、修复者、保护者和考古学家之间的协同合作提供了一个平台。目前，基于中子的方法的现有最先进技术正在应用于世界各地多个中子束设施中具有历史和文化意义的物体的研究。此类技术是非侵入性和非破坏性的，因此非常适合提供有关文物的结构信息，例如其成分、环境条件引起的改变、夹杂物、块体结构、制造技术和元素成分，由于中子与物质相互作用的性质，它提供了物体特征的整体指纹。在这里，我们概述了用于表征文化遗产中感兴趣的材料的主要中子方法，并简要介绍了该框架中使用的传感器和探测器。最后，我们通过一些案例研究强调了这些应用在不同考古和历史背景下的影响。