In order to integrate ecosystem services (ES) in designing agri-environmental policy, we investigated both the demand for, and supply of, ES from agricultural environments in Finland. Using the discrete choice experiment method, we measured citizens’ willingness to pay (WTP) for four different ES and analysed farmers’ compensation request (willingness to accept [WTA]) for producing these services. Biodiversity and water quality gathered the highest WTA of farmers, but also the highest WTP of citizens. Overall, the average WTA exceeded the WTP for almost all attributes and levels, but 20–27 per cent of farmers were willing to produce the ES with the compensation lower than citizens’ WTP.

中文翻译：

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农业生态系统的供求：基于利益的政策

为了将生态系统服务（ES）整合到设计农业环境政策中，我们调查了芬兰农业环境对ES的需求和供应。使用离散选择实验方法，我们测量了市民对四种不同ES的支付意愿（WTP），并分析了农民提供这些服务的补偿要求（愿意接受[WTA]）。生物多样性和水质聚集了农民的最高WTA，但也是公民的最高WTP。总体而言，几乎所有属性和水平的平均WTA都超过了WTP，但是20–27％的农民愿意生产ES，其补偿低于公民的WTP。