Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. The socioeconomic burden of RSV infection is substantial because it leads to serious respiratory problems, subsequent hospitalization, and mortality. Despite its clinical significance, a safe and effective vaccine is not yet available to prevent RSV infection. Upon RSV infection, lung dendritic cells (DCs) detecting pathogens migrate to the lymph nodes and activate the adaptive immune response. Therefore, RSV has evolved various immunomodulatory strategies to inhibit DC function. Due to the capacity of RSV to modulate defense mechanisms in hosts, RSV infection results in inappropriate activation of immune responses resulting in immunopathology and frequent reinfection throughout life. This review discusses how DCs recognize invading RSV and induce adaptive immune responses, as well as the regulatory mechanisms mediated by RSV to disrupt DC functions and ultimately avoid host defenses.

中文翻译：

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树突状细胞在抵抗呼吸道合胞病毒感染的保护性免疫中的作用。

呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是婴儿和老年人严重呼吸道疾病的主要原因。RSV感染的社会经济负担是巨大的，因为它导致严重的呼吸问题，随后的住院治疗和死亡率。尽管具有临床意义，但尚无安全有效的疫苗来预防RSV感染。RSV感染后，检测病原体的肺树突状细胞（DC）迁移到淋巴结并激活适应性免疫应答。因此，RSV已经发展出各种免疫调节策略来抑制DC功能。由于RSV具有调节宿主防御机制的能力，因此RSV感染会导致免疫反应的不适当激活，从而导致免疫病理学和终生频繁再感染。