Acrylamide is an important bulk chemical used for producing polyacrylamide, which is widely applied in diverse fields, such as enhanced oil recovery and water treatment. Acrylamide production with a superior biocatalyst, free-resting Rhodococcus cells containing nitrile hydratase (NHase), has been proven to be simple but effective, thereby becoming the main method adopted in industry to date. Under the harsh industrial conditions, however, NHase-containing Rhodococcus cells in a natural state are prone to deactivation. Thus, multiple genetic strategies able to evolve recombinant Rhodococcus biocatalysts at either the enzyme or cell level have been reported. While most of the methods on enzyme engineering concentrate on NHase stability enhancement by strengthening the flexible sites, Rhodococcus cell engineering with various methods can enhance both the NHase activity and stability as well. Developing some new types of reactors, especially the microreactor, is also an effective way to improve the hydration process efficiency. Compared with the conventional stirred tank reactor, the membrane dispersion microreactor can enhance the heat and mass transfer in the hydration process with Rhodococcus cells as biocatalysts, thereby significantly improving the productivity of the acrylamide bioproduction process.

中文翻译：

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携带腈水合酶的红球菌催化的丙烯酰胺生物生产研究进展。

丙烯酰胺是用于生产聚丙烯酰胺的重要的散装化学品，已广泛应用于各种领域，例如提高采油率和水处理能力。事实证明，使用优异的生物催化剂，含有腈水合酶（NHase）的自由休息的红球菌细胞生产丙烯酰胺既简单又有效，从而成为迄今为止工业上采用的主要方法。然而，在恶劣的工业条件下，天然状态的含NHase的红球菌细胞易于失活。因此，已经报道了能够在酶或细胞水平上进化重组红球菌生物催化剂的多种遗传策略。尽管大多数酶工程方法都致力于通过增强柔性位点来增强NHase的稳定性，用各种方法对红球菌进行细胞工程改造也可以增强NHase活性和稳定性。开发一些新型的反应器，特别是微型反应器，也是提高水合过程效率的有效途径。与常规搅拌釜反应器相比，该膜分散微反应器在以红球菌细胞为生物催化剂的水合过程中可以增强传热和传质，从而显着提高了丙烯酰胺生物生产工艺的生产率。