Nanofiltration (NF) has emerged as a potentially superior and cost-effective way to remove sediments, charged particles, chemical effluents, bacteria and other pathogens in addition to removal of toxins like arsenic or impurities such as oils. Important properties intrinsic to NF membranes include high permeation to monovalent ions, low permeation to divalent ions and higher flux than reverse osmosis membranes. In addition, NF membranes offer advantages over other membranes due to increased reliability and integrity, producing longer cycle times and hence lower costs. Due to these characteristics, NF membranes have been used in a wide range of applications, including water treatment, agri-food, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we present some of the most recent and impactful advances in NF area, detailing new membrane materials and processes as well as their new potential applications. The future developments of NF uses, involving new 2-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, such as graphene, graphene oxide, boron nitride (BN) and atomic layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are also discussed.

纳滤（NF）已成为去除沉积物，带电粒子，化学流出物，细菌和其他病原体的潜在上乘且具有成本效益的方法，此外还去除了砷等毒素或油等杂质。与反渗透膜相比，NF膜固有的重要特性包括对单价离子的高渗透性，对二价离子的低渗透性和更高的通量。此外，由于增加了可靠性和完整性，NF膜比其他膜具有更多的优势，产生了更长的循环时间，因此成本更低。由于这些特性，NF膜已被广泛应用，包括水处理，农业食品，生物技术和制药行业。在这篇评论中，我们介绍了NF领域的一些最新且具有影响力的进展，详细介绍了新的膜材料和工艺及其潜在的新应用。还讨论了NF用途的未来发展，涉及新的二维（2D）纳米材料，例如石墨烯，氧化石墨烯，氮化硼（BN）和原子层状过渡金属二卤化物（TMD）。