It would be impossible to summarise all of the significant developments in the surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even just over the past year, in a manuscript of this scope. Thus, we have selected topics for discussion that are the subject of current controversy and have attempted to present balanced points of view. Hepatic resection and transplantation are both mature modalities, and for the most part technical advances and improvements in candidate selection are incremental. The ability to readily cure hepatitis C stands out as the most impactful development in the field over recent years, especially in Western countries where hepatitis C has long been the chief aetiology underlying HCC and a predictor of poor outcomes after surgery, but its full implications remain to be clarified. The rising incidence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related HCC and what it means with regard to surgical HCC management is an area of great current interest. With advancing technology, non-surgical locoregional treatments are gaining increasing application as potentially curative therapies. In addition, the advances in molecular and genomic assessment of HCC hold promise for personalising treatment and prognostication. The possible role of immunotherapy as an adjuvant to resection is being aggressively investigated. While liver surgery maintains an important role, the care of patients with HCC is more and more a team effort and needs to take place in the context of a well-integrated interdisciplinary programme to achieve the best outcomes for patients.

中文翻译：

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肝细胞癌切除与移植研究进展

即使在过去一年中，也不可能在此范围的手稿中总结肝细胞癌 (HCC) 手术治疗的所有重大进展。因此，我们选择了当前争议的主题进行讨论，并试图提出平衡的观点。肝切除术和肝移植都是成熟的方式，而且在大多数情况下，候选者选择方面的技术进步和改进是渐进式的。容易治愈丙型肝炎的能力是近年来该领域最具影响力的发展，特别是在西方国家，丙型肝炎长期以来一直是 HCC 的主要病因和手术后不良结果的预测因素，但其全部影响仍然存在予以澄清。非酒精性脂肪性肝炎相关 HCC 的发病率不断上升及其对 HCC 手术治疗的意义是当前备受关注的领域。随着技术的进步，非手术局部治疗作为潜在的治疗方法得到越来越多的应用。此外，HCC 分子和基因组评估的进展为个性化治疗和预后提供了希望。正在积极研究免疫疗法作为切除辅助手段的可能作用。虽然肝脏外科手术仍然发挥着重要作用，但 HCC 患者的护理越来越需要团队合作，需要在整合良好的跨学科计划的背景下进行，以实现患者的最佳结果。