BACKGROUND Entomological monitoring of Aedes vectors has largely relied on surveillance of larvae, pupae and non-host-seeking adults, which have been poorly correlated with human disease incidence. Exposure to mosquito-borne diseases can be more directly estimated using human landing catches (HLC), although this method is not recommended for Aedes-borne arboviruses. We evaluated a new method previously tested with malaria vectors, the mosquito electrocuting trap (MET) as an exposure-free alternative for measuring landing rates of Aedes mosquitoes on people. Aims were to (i) compare the MET to the BG-sentinel (BGS) trap gold standard approach for sampling host-seeking Aedes vectors; and (ii) characterize the diel activity of Aedes vectors and their association with microclimatic conditions. METHODS The study was conducted over 12 days in Quinindé (Ecuador) in May 2017. Mosquito sampling stations were set up in the peridomestic area of four houses. On each day of sampling, each house was allocated either a MET or a BGS trap, which were rotated amongst the four houses daily in a Latin square design. Mosquito abundance and microclimatic conditions were recorded hourly at each sampling station between 7:00-19:00 h to assess variation between vector abundance, trapping methods, and environmental conditions. All Aedes aegypti females were tested for the presence of Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. RESULTS A higher number of Ae. aegypti females were found in MET than in BGS collections, although no statistically significant differences in mean Ae. aegypti abundance between trapping methods were found. Both trapping methods indicated female Ae. aegypti had bimodal patterns of host-seeking, being highest during early morning and late afternoon hours. Mean Ae. aegypti daily abundance was negatively associated with daily temperature. No infection by ZIKV, DENV or CHIKV was detected in any Aedes mosquitoes caught by either trapping method. CONCLUSION We conclude the MET performs at least as well as the BGS standard and offers the additional advantage of direct measurement of per capita human-biting rates. If detection of arboviruses can be confirmed in MET-collected Aedes in future studies, this surveillance method could provide a valuable tool for surveillance and prediction on human arboviral exposure risk.

中文翻译：

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蚊子电击捕集器作为一种无暴露方法，用于测量伊蚊媒介叮咬人类的比率。


背景技术伊蚊媒介的昆虫学监测很大程度上依赖于对幼虫、蛹和非寻找寄主的成虫的监测，这些与人类疾病发病率的相关性较差。使用人类着陆捕获量 (HLC) 可以更直接地估计蚊媒疾病的暴露情况，但不建议将这种方法用于伊蚊传播的虫媒病毒。我们评估了一种之前用疟疾媒介测试过的新方法，即蚊子电死捕集器（MET），作为测量伊蚊在人类身上的着陆率的无暴露替代方案。目的是 (i) 将 MET 与 BG 哨兵 (BGS) 陷阱金标准方法进行比较，用于对寻找宿主的伊蚊媒介进行采样； (ii) 描述伊蚊媒介的昼夜活动及其与小气候条件的关系。方法 该研究于 2017 年 5 月在奎宁德（厄瓜多尔）进行了为期 12 天的研究。在四栋房屋的住宅周围区域设立了蚊子采样站。在每天的采样中，每个房屋都分配了一个 MET 或一个 BGS 陷阱，这些陷阱每天以拉丁方设计在四个房屋之间轮换。 7:00-19:00 之间每小时记录每个采样站的蚊子丰度和小气候条件，以评估媒介丰度、诱捕方法和环境条件之间的变化。所有雌性埃及伊蚊都接受了寨卡病毒 (ZIKV)、登革热病毒 (DENV) 和基孔肯雅病毒 (CHIKV) 病毒的检测。结果 Ae 数量较多。 MET 收藏中发现的雌性埃及伊蚊数量高于 BGS 收藏中的埃及伊蚊，尽管平均 Ae 没有统计学上的显着差异。发现了不同诱捕方法之间的埃及伊蚊丰度。两种诱捕方法均表明雌性白伊蚊。埃及伊蚊具有双峰寻找寄主模式，在清晨和下午晚些时候最为强烈。 平均Ae。埃及伊蚊每日丰度与每日温度呈负相关。通过这两种诱捕方法捕获的伊蚊均未检测到 ZIKV、DENV 或 CHIKV 感染。结论 我们得出的结论是 MET 的性能至少与 BGS 标准一样好，并且具有直接测量人均咬人率的额外优势。如果在未来的研究中能够在 MET 收集的伊蚊中证实虫媒病毒的检测，那么这种监测方法可以为人类虫媒病毒暴露风险的监测和预测提供有价值的工具。