BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative aerobic bacillus that is commonly causes of hospital-acquired infections. Community-acquired pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (CAP-Ab) is rare but fatal if diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Conventional culture of clinical specimens is the main method for clinical diagnosis of A. baumannii infections which may suffer from limited positive rate and is time consuming. Timely and precise diagnosis of CAP-Ab remains challenging. CASE PRESENTATION A 66-year-old man with 24 h history of acute fever and dyspnea was admitted to our hospital. He was diagnosed as severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP), septic shock, respiratory failure and acute kidney injury. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on the patient's sputum and blood, which identified numerous A. baumannii nucleotide sequences in the sample of sputum and led to the rapid diagnosis and treatment of community acquired pneumonia caused by A. baumannii. This result was confirmed by subsequent sputum culture. CONCLUSIONS This case described that the successful application of the next generation sequencing assisting the speedy diagnosis of A. baumannii infection provides a new idea for the timely diagnosis of CAP-Ab and highlights that NGS is a promising tool in rapid etiological diagnosis of acute and severe infectious diseases.

中文翻译：

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通过下一代测序诊断鲍曼不动杆菌引起的严重社区获得性肺炎：一例病例报告。

背景技术鲍曼不动杆菌是革兰氏阴性需氧杆菌，通常是医院获得性感染的原因。由鲍曼不动杆菌（CAP-Ab）引起的社区获得性肺炎很少见，但如果延迟诊断和治疗会致命。临床标本的常规培养是临床诊断鲍曼不动杆菌感染的主要方法，鲍曼不动杆菌感染的阳性率有限且耗时。CAP-Ab的及时，准确诊断仍然具有挑战性。病例介绍一名66岁的男性，有24小时的急性发烧和呼吸困难病史，入院。他被诊断为严重的社区获得性肺炎（CAP），败血性休克，呼吸衰竭和急性肾损伤。对患者的痰液和血液进行了新一代测序（NGS），鉴定出大量A。痰标本中的鲍曼不动杆菌核苷酸​​序列，导致鲍曼不动杆菌引起的社区获得性肺炎的快速诊断和治疗。随后的痰培养证实了这一结果。结论该案例描述了成功应用下一代测序技术快速诊断鲍曼不动杆菌感染为及时诊断CAP-Ab提供了新思路，并强调了NGS是急，重症快速病因诊断的有前途的工具传染性疾病。