Accurate recognition of others' emotions is an important skill for successful social interaction. Unsurprisingly, it has been an enduring topic of interest, and notable individual differences have been observed. Despite this focus, the underlying functional architecture of this ability has not been thoroughly investigated, particularly concerning emotion recognition across different sensory domains and stimulus modalities. Using a structural equation modelling approach, Study 1 (N = 284) established the structure of emotion recognition ability across three expressive domains - face, body and voice - and observed strong evidence for a superordinate 'supramodal' emotion recognition factor, over and above domain-specific factors. Additionally, we observed a significant moderate negative association between this superordinate factor and alexithymia. In Study 2 (N = 218), findings indicated that supramodal emotion recognition ability and face identity recognition are two related but independent constructs. In Study 3 (N = 249), we examined links from both supramodal emotion recognition and face identity recognition to broader cognitive ability, and observed that general intelligence was a significant predictor of supramodal emotion recognition ability. In contrast, there was no association between intelligence and face identity recognition ability. Across three independent samples, then, our findings offer strong support for an emotion recognition ability factor existing across visual and auditory domains encompassing social signals conveyed by face, body and voice, and outline its associations to broader cognitive and affective traits.

中文翻译：

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情绪识别能力：超模态因素的证据及其与社会认知的联系。

准确识别他人的情绪是成功进行社交互动的一项重要技能。毫不奇怪，它一直是人们感兴趣的永恒话题，并且观察到明显的个体差异。尽管有此重点，但尚未对此功能的基本功能体系结构进行彻底研究，特别是涉及跨不同感觉域和刺激方式的情感识别。研究1（N = 284）使用结构方程模型化方法建立了跨三个表达域（面部，身体和声音）的情感识别能力的结构，并观察到有力的证据证明了超越域的上级“超模态”情感识别因子特定因素。另外，我们观察到该上级因素与运动障碍之间存在显着的中度负相关。在研究2中（N = 218），研究结果表明，超模态情绪识别能力和面部身份识别是两个相关但独立的结构。在研究3（N = 249）中，我们研究了超模态情绪识别和面部识别与更广泛的认知能力之间的联系，并观察到一般智力是超模态情绪识别能力的重要预测指标。相反，智力和面部识别能力之间没有关联。然后，在三个独立的样本中，我们的发现为视觉和听觉领域中存在的情感识别能力因子提供了有力支持，这些情感因子涵盖了由面部，身体和声音传达的社会信号，