Anatoxin-a(S) is the most potent natural neurotoxin produced by fresh water cyanobacteria. It is also the least understood and monitored. Although this potent cholinesterase inhibitor was first reported in the 1970s and connected with animal poisonings, the lack of chemical standards and identified biosynthetic genes together with limited diagnostics and acute reactivity of this naturally-occurring organophosphate have limited our understanding of its environmental breadth and human health implications. Anatoxin-a(S) irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase much like other organophosphate agents like paraoxon. It is however often confused with the similarly named anatoxin-a that has a completely different chemical structure, mechanism of action, and biosynthesis. Herein we propose renaming of anatoxin-a(S) to clarify its distinct structure and mechanism and to draw renewed attention to this potent natural poison. We propose the new name guanitoxin (GNT) to emphasize its distinctive guanidino organophosphate chemical structure.

Anatoxin-a（S）是淡水蓝细菌产生的最有效的天然神经毒素。它也是最少被了解和监视的。尽管这种有效的胆碱酯酶抑制剂是在1970年代首次报道的，并且与动物中毒有关，但是由于缺乏化学标准和已鉴定的生物合成基因，以及这种天然存在的有机磷酸酯的有限诊断和急性反应性，限制了我们对其环境广度和人类健康的理解。含义。Anatoxin-a（S）不可逆地抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶，就像其他有机磷酸盐试剂（如对氧磷）一样。但是，它经常与具有完全不同的化学结构，作用机理和生物合成的类似命名的Anatoxin-a混淆。在这里，我们提出重命名抗毒素-a（S），以阐明其独特的结构和机制，并重新关注这种有效的天然毒素。我们建议使用新名称鸟嘌呤毒素（GNT）来强调其独特的胍基有机磷酸酯化学结构。