This statement summarises and appraises the evidence on diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the most common lower extremity muscle injuries in sport. We systematically searched electronic databases, and included studies based on the highest available evidence. Subsequently, we evaluated the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework, grading the quality of evidence from high to very low. Most clinical tests showed very low to low diagnostic effectiveness. For hamstring injury prevention, programmes that included the Nordic hamstring exercise resulted in a hamstring injury risk reduction when compared with usual care (medium to large effect size; moderate to high quality of evidence). For prevention of groin injuries, both the FIFA 11+programme and the Copenhagen adductor strengthening programme resulted in a groin injury risk reduction compared with usual care (medium effect size; low to moderate quality of evidence). For the treatment of hamstring injuries, lengthening hamstring exercises showed the fastest return to play with a lower reinjury rate compared with conventional hamstring exercises (large effect size; very low to low quality of evidence). Platelet-rich plasma had no effect on time to return-to-play and reinjury risk (trivial effect size; moderate quality of evidence) after a hamstring injury compared with placebo or rehabilitation. At this point, most outcomes for diagnosis, prevention and treatment were graded as very low to moderate quality of evidence, indicating that further high-quality research is likely to have an important impact on the confidence in the effect estimates.

中文翻译：

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运动中常见下肢肌肉损伤的诊断、预防和治疗——证据分级：丹麦运动物理治疗协会 (DSSF) 委托发表的声明文件


本声明总结并评价了运动中最常见的下肢肌肉损伤的诊断、预防和治疗的证据。我们系统地搜索了电子数据库，并纳入了基于现有最高证据的研究。随后，我们使用建议评估、制定和评估分级框架评估了证据的质量，将证据的质量从高到极低分级。大多数临床测试显示诊断有效性非常低到低。对于腿筋损伤预防，与常规护理相比，包含北欧腿筋锻炼的计划可降低腿筋损伤风险（中到大效应大小；中到高质量证据）。为了预防腹股沟损伤，与常规护理相比，FIFA 11+ 计划和哥本哈根内收肌强化计划均导致腹股沟损伤风险降低（中等效应大小；低至中等质量的证据）。对于腿筋损伤的治疗，与传统的腿筋锻炼相比，延长腿筋锻炼显示出最快的恢复速度和较低的再损伤率（效果大；证据质量非常低到低）。与安慰剂或康复治疗相比，富含血小板的血浆对腿筋损伤后恢复比赛的时间和再次受伤的风险没有影响（效应大小微不足道；证据质量中等）。目前，大多数诊断、预防和治疗的结果被评为极低到中等质量的证据，表明进一步的高质量研究可能会对效果估计的可信度产生重要影响。