Stakeholders in the scientific field must always maintain transparency in the process of publishing research results in journals. Unfortunately, although research misconduct has stopped, certain forms of manipulation continue to appear in other forms. As new techniques of scientific publishing develop, science stakeholders need to examine the possibility of inappropriate activity in these new platforms. The National Institute of Polar Research in Japan launched a new data journal Polar Data Journal (PDJ) in 2017 to review the quality of data obtained in the polar region. To maintain transparency in this new data journal, we investigated the possibility of inappropriate data manipulation in peer reviews before the inception of this journal. We clarified inappropriate activity for the data in the peer review and considered preventive measures. We designed a specific workflow for PDJ. This included two measures: (i) the comparison of hash values in the review process and (ii) open peer review report publishing. Using the hash value comparison, we detected two instances of inappropriate data manipulation after the start of the journal. This research will help improve workflow in data journals and data repositories.

中文翻译：

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《极地数据期刊》中的可能性和防止不当数据操纵

科学领域的利益相关者必须始终在期刊发表研究结果的过程中保持透明度。不幸的是，尽管研究不端行为已停止，但某些形式的操纵仍以其他形式出现。随着科学出版新技术的发展，科学利益相关者需要研究在这些新平台中进行不适当活动的可能性。日本国立极地研究所于2017年发布了新的数据期刊《极地数据期刊》（PDJ），以审查在极地地区获得的数据的质量。为了保持此新数据日记的透明度，我们研究了在此日记开始之前在同行评审中对不适当的数据进行处理的可能性。我们在同行评审中澄清了不适当的数据活动，并考虑了预防措施。我们为PDJ设计了特定的工作流程。这包括两项措施：（i）在审阅过程中比较哈希值，以及（ii）开放同行审阅报告发布。使用哈希值比较，我们在日志开始后检测到两个不适当的数据操作实例。这项研究将有助于改善数据日志和数据存储库中的工作流程。