Stakeholders in the scientific field must always maintain transparency in the process of publishing research results in journals. Unfortunately, although research misconduct has stopped, certain forms of manipulation continue to appear in other forms. As new techniques of scientific publishing develop, science stakeholders need to examine the possibility of inappropriate activity in these new platforms. The National Institute of Polar Research in Japan launched a new data journal Polar Data Journal (PDJ) in 2017 to review the quality of data obtained in the polar region. To maintain transparency in this new data journal, we investigated the possibility of inappropriate data manipulation in peer reviews before the inception of this journal. We clarified inappropriate activity for the data in the peer review and considered preventive measures. We designed a specific workflow for PDJ. This included two measures: (i) the comparison of hash values in the review process and (ii) open peer review report publishing. Using the hash value comparison, we detected two instances of inappropriate data manipulation after the start of the journal. This research will help improve workflow in data journals and data repositories.

中文翻译：

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Polar Data Journal 中不当数据操作的可能性和预防

科学领域的利益相关者在期刊发表研究成果的过程中必须始终保持透明度。不幸的是，尽管研究不端行为已经停止，但某些形式的操纵继续以其他形式出现。随着科学出版新技术的发展，科学利益相关者需要检查在这些新平台上进行不当活动的可能性。日本国立极地研究所于 2017 年推出了新的数据期刊 Polar Data Journal (PDJ)，以审查在极地地区获得的数据的质量。为了保持这本新数据期刊的透明度，我们在本期刊创刊前调查了同行评审中不当数据操作的可能性。我们在同行评审中澄清了数据的不当活动，并考虑了预防措施。我们为 PDJ 设计了一个特定的工作流程。这包括两项措施：(i) 审查过程中哈希值的比较和 (ii) 公开同行审查报告发布。使用哈希值比较，我们在日志开始后检测到两个不适当的数据操作实例。这项研究将有助于改进数据期刊和数据存储库中的工作流程。