Using molecular dynamics simulations, we compare the motion of a nanoswimmer based on Purcell's suggested motor with a time asymmetrical cycle with the motion of the same molecular motor with a time symmetrical cycle. We show that Purcell's theorem still holds at the nanoscale, despite the local structure and the medium's fluctuations. Then, with the purpose of both orienting the swimmer's displacement and increasing the breakdown of the theorem, we study the effect of an electric field on a polarized version of these swimmers. For small and large fields, the time asymmetrical swimmer is more efficient, as suggested by Purcell. However, we find a field range for which Purcell's theorem is broken for the time symmetric motor. Results suggest that the breakdown of the theorem arises from the competition of the orientation field and Brownian forces, while for larger fields, the field destroys the effect of fluctuations restoring the theorem.

中文翻译：

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时间反转的对称和不对称纳米游泳者的电场在软物质中的比较。

使用分子动力学模拟，我们将基于Purcell建议的电机的纳米游泳器的运动与时间非对称循环进行了比较，将同一分子电动机的运动与时间对称循环进行了比较。我们显示，尽管局部结构和介质波动，珀塞尔定理仍保持在纳米尺度上。然后，以定向游泳者的位移和增加定理的分解为目的，我们研究了电场对这些游泳者的极化形式的影响。如赛尔（Purcell）所建议的那样，对于大小不一的领域，时间不对称游泳者更为有效。但是，对于时间对称电动机，我们发现了珀塞尔定理被打破的场范围。