Endocrine disrupting chemicals are known to cause neurodevelopmental toxicity through direct and indirect pathways. In this study we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, along with known exposure-disease relationships, to quantify the intellectual disability burden attributable to in utero exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphates, and methylmercury and early life exposure to lead. We also estimated the cost of the IQ points lost and cases of intellectual disability. PBDE exposure was the greatest contributor to intellectual disability burden, resulting in a total of 162 million IQ points lost and over 738,000 cases of intellectual disability. This was followed by lead, organophosphates, and methylmercury. From 2001 to 2016, IQ loss from PBDEs, methylmercury, and lead have decreased or remained stagnant. Organophosphate exposure measurements were only available up to 2008 but did show an increase in organophosphate-attributable IQ loss. Although most of these trends show benefit for children's neurodevelopmental health, they may also point towards the use of potentially harmful substitutions for chemicals that are being phased out.

中文翻译：

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2001年至2016年，美国因早期化学暴露导致的神经发育障碍负担趋势：基于人群的疾病负担和成本分析。

已知破坏内分泌的化学物质会通过直接和间接途径引起神经发育毒性。在这项研究中，我们使用了来自美国国家健康与营养检查调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys）的数据，以及已知的暴露-疾病关系，来量化子宫内暴露于多溴二苯醚（PBDEs），有机磷酸酯，甲基汞和生命早期暴露的智力残疾负担。领导。我们还估计了智商损失和智障案例的成本。PBDE暴露是造成智障负担的最大原因，导致总共损失了1.62亿智商积分和738,000多例智障案例。其次是铅，有机磷酸盐和甲基汞。从2001年到2016年，PBDEs，甲基汞，和铅减少或保持停滞。有机磷暴露量的测量直到2008年才可用，但确实显示了有机磷归因的智商损失的增加。尽管这些趋势中的大多数显示出对儿童神经发育健康的益处，但它们也可能指向使用可能有害的替代品来替代正在淘汰的化学物质。