The brainstem plays a crucial role in sleep-wake regulation. However, their ensemble dynamics underlying sleep regulation remain poorly understood. Here we show slow, state-predictive brainstem ensemble dynamics and state-dependent interactions between the brainstem and the hippocampus in mice. On a timescale of seconds to minutes, brainstem populations can predict pupil dilation and vigilance states where they exhibit longer predictable power compared with hippocampal CA1 neurons. On a timescale of sub-seconds, pontine waves (P-waves) are accompanied by synchronous firing of brainstem neurons during both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. Crucially, P-waves functionally interact with CA1 activity in a state-dependent manner: during NREM sleep, hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) precede P-waves. On the other hand, P-waves during REM sleep are phase-locked with ongoing theta oscillations and are followed by burst firing of CA1 neurons. This state-dependent global coordination between the brainstem and hippocampus implicates distinct functional roles of sleep.

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状态相关的脑干合奏动力学及其在整个睡眠状态下与海马的相互作用

脑干在睡眠觉醒调节中起关键作用。然而，他们对睡眠调节的整体动力学仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们显示了缓慢的，状态预测型脑干合奏动力学以及小鼠脑干和海马之间的状态依赖性相互作用。在几秒到几分钟的时间内，脑干群可以预测瞳孔扩张和警觉状态，与海马CA1神经元相比，它们表现出更长的可预测能力。在亚秒级的时间尺度上，脑桥神经元在快速眼动（REM）和非REM（NREM）睡眠期间伴随着脑桥神经元的同步放电。至关重要的是，P波在功能上以依赖状态的方式与CA1活性相互作用：在NREM睡眠期间，海马尖波波纹（SWR）优先于P波。另一方面，REM睡眠期间的P波与持续的theta振荡锁相，随后爆发CA1神经元。脑干和海马体之间这种依赖状态的全局协调性暗示着睡眠的不同功能角色。