Abstract Macroalgae are promising renewable energy resources due to their high biomass production rate, high photosynthetic efficiency, faster growth rate, low lignin content, and higher CO2 fixation capability. The conventional methods for macroalgae pre-treatment involve energy-intensive processes that require high pressure and elevated temperatures, often requiring alkali or acidic compounds. Recently, ionic liquids are gaining interest as environmentally benign solvents due to their ability to deconstruct the biomass cell wall under relatively milder conditions. In this review, current developments involving IL-based pre-treatment technologies are discussed. A brief background about macroalgae and its traditional pre-treatment methods are presented. Different IL pre-treatment approaches are then discussed, highlighting the dissolution mechanism and selection criteria for an effective IL. Unique pre-treatment strategies, such as acidic ILs, IL blends, task specific ILs and bio-ILs are also explored. Finally, challenges and opportunities related to macroalgae processing using ILs are addressed.

中文翻译：

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基于离子液体的大型藻类生物质预处理和解聚研究进展

摘要 大型藻类具有生物质生产率高、光合效率高、生长速度快、木质素含量低、固碳能力强等优点，是一种很有前途的可再生能源资源。大型藻类预处理的传统方法涉及需要高压和高温的能源密集型过程，通常需要碱性或酸性化合物。最近，离子液体作为对环境无害的溶剂越来越受到关注，因为它们能够在相对温和的条件下解构生物质细胞壁。在这篇综述中，讨论了当前涉及基于 IL 的预处理技术的发展。简要介绍了大型藻类及其传统的预处理方法。然后讨论了不同的 IL 预处理方法，强调有效 IL 的溶解机制和选择标准。还探索了独特的预处理策略，例如酸性 IL、IL 混合物、任务特定的 IL 和生物 IL。最后，解决了与使用 IL 处理大型藻类相关的挑战和机遇。