BACKGROUND Racial differences have been observed in the rate of bacterial infection and disease progression in HIV. Here, we evaluate racial differences in seasonal influenza vaccine responses. METHODS 16 healthy controls (9 Caucasians (CC) and 7 African Americans (AA)) and 26 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated aviremic HIV+ subjects (11 CC and 15 AA) were enrolled in the current study. Blood was collected at pre-vaccination (D0) and day 14 (D14) following seasonal influenza vaccination. Serologic responses were characterized in plasma by ELISA. B and T cells were assessed by flow cytometry ex vivo. RESULTS The absolute counts of CD4+ CD3+ T cells and CD19+ B cells were similar in healthy controls and HIV-infected individuals, and similar in CC and AA in the two study groups. However, the percentage of peripheral T follicular helper (pTfh) cells was decreased in HIV+ AA compared to HIV+ CC. There were no racial differences in IgG antibody responses against vaccination in the two study groups. However, the ratio of anti-influenza-specific IgG versus IgM induction following vaccination was decreased in HIV+ AA compared to HIV+ CC, which was directly correlated with the percentages of pTfh cells. This racial difference and correlation were not demonstrable in healthy controls. CONCLUSION Here we report that HIV + AA has decreased fold induction of IgG versus IgM after influenza vaccination, which may suggest impaired class-switching from IgM to IgG in AA HIV-infected individuals.

中文翻译：

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与高加索人相比，抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染的非裔美国人中，针对流感疫苗接种的流感特异性IgG与IgM的比率降低，并且其与外周血Tfh细胞的百分比直接相关。

背景技术已经观察到HIV中细菌感染率和疾病进展的种族差异。在这里，我们评估季节性流感疫苗反应中的种族差异。方法本研究招募了16名健康对照者（9名高加索人（CC）和7名非裔美国人（AA））和26名抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）治疗的非血友病HIV +受试者（11名CC和15名AA）。在季节性流感疫苗接种后（D0）和第14天（D14）采集血液。通过ELISA表征血浆中的血清学应答。通过离体流式细胞术评估B和T细胞。结果在健康对照组和HIV感染者中，CD4 + CD3 + T细胞和CD19 + B细胞的绝对计数相似，而在两个研究组中，CC和AA的绝对计数相似。然而，与HIV + CC相比，HIV + AA中外周血T滤泡辅助细胞（pTfh）的百分比降低了。在两个研究组中，针对疫苗接种的IgG抗体反应没有种族差异。但是，与HIV + CC相比，HIV + AA中抗流感特异性IgG对IgM诱导的比率与HIV + CC相比有所降低，这与pTfh细胞的百分比直接相关。在健康对照组中，这种种族差异和相关性无法证明。结论在这里，我们报告说，在流感疫苗接种后，HIV + AA与IgM相比，IgG + IgM的诱导诱导减少，这可能表明AA HIV感染者从IgM到IgG的类别转换受损。但是，与HIV + CC相比，HIV + AA中抗流感特异性IgG对IgM诱导的比率与HIV + CC相比有所降低，这与pTfh细胞的百分比直接相关。在健康对照组中，这种种族差异和相关性无法证明。结论在这里，我们报告说，在流感疫苗接种后，HIV + AA与IgM相比，IgG + IgM的诱导诱导减少，这可能表明AA HIV感染者从IgM到IgG的类别转换受损。但是，与HIV + CC相比，HIV + AA中抗流感特异性IgG对IgM诱导的比率与HIV + CC相比有所降低，这与pTfh细胞的百分比直接相关。在健康对照组中，这种种族差异和相关性无法证明。结论在这里，我们报告说，在流感疫苗接种后，HIV + AA与IgM相比，IgG + IgM的诱导诱导减少，这可能表明AA HIV感染者从IgM到IgG的类别转换受损。