Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) technology have gained worldwide acceptance for reclamation of municipal wastewater due to their excellent efficiencies in rejecting a wide spectrum of organic pollutants, bacteria, dissolved organic matters and inorganic salts. However, the application of NF/RO process produces inevitably a large volume of concentrated waste stream (NF/RO concentrate), which is generally characterised by high levels of inorganic and organic substances, a low biodegradation and potential ecotoxicity. At present, one of the most significant concerns for this process is regarding the sustainable management of municipal NF/RO concentrate, due to a potentially serious threat to water receiving body. It should therefore be further disposed or treated by effective technologies such as ozonation in a cost-effective way, aiming to minimize the potential environmental risk associated with the presence of emerging micropollutants (ng L^-1 - µg L^-1). This paper provides an overview on the disposal of NF/RO concentrate from municipal wastewater by ozonation process. This is a first review to present entirely ozonation efficiency of NF/RO concentrate in terms of elimination of emerging micropollutants, degradation of organic matters, as well as toxicity assessment. In addition, ozone combining biological activated carbon (BAC) or other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is also discussed, aiming to further improve mineralization of ozone-recalcitrant substances in NF/RO concentrate. Finally, further research directions regarding the management of NF/RO concentrate are proposed.

纳滤（NF）和反渗透（RO）技术在拒绝各种有机污染物，细菌，溶解的有机物和无机盐方面具有出色的效率，因此在市政废水的回收方面获得了全球认可。但是，NF / RO工艺的应用不可避免地会产生大量的浓缩废物流（NF / RO浓缩物），其特征通常是无机和有机物含量高，生物降解性低和潜在的生态毒性。目前，此过程最重要的问题之一是关于市政NF / RO浓缩物的可持续管理，因为这可能会对受水体造成严重威胁。因此，应以经济有效的方式，通过臭氧处理等有效技术对它进行进一步处理或处理，^-1 -µg L ^-1）。本文概述了通过臭氧处理法处理市政废水中的NF / RO精矿的情况。这是首次综述，从消除新兴的微污染物，有机物降解以及毒性评估的角度，全面介绍了NF / RO浓缩物的完全臭氧化效率。此外，还讨论了结合生物活性炭（BAC）或其他高级氧化过程（AOPs）的臭氧，旨在进一步改善NF / RO浓缩物中臭氧难分解物质的矿化作用。最后，提出了关于NF / RO精矿管理的进一步研究方向。