The Gypsum Hill (GH) springs on Axel Heiberg Island in the Canadian high Arctic are host to chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing streamers that flourish in the high Arctic winter in water temperatures from −1.3 to 7°C with ~8% salinity in a high Arctic winter environment with air temperatures commonly less than −40°C and an average annual air temperature of −15°C. Metagenome sequencing and binning of streamer samples produced a 96% complete Thiomicrorhabdus sp. metagenome-assembled genome representing a possible new species or subspecies. This is the most cold- and salt-extreme source environment for a Thiomicrorhabdus genome yet described. Metaproteomic and metatranscriptomic analysis attributed nearly all gene expression in the streamers to the Thiomicrorhabdus sp. and suggested that it is active in CO₂ fixation and oxidation of sulfide to elemental sulfur. In situ geochemical and isotopic analyses of the fractionation of multiple sulfur isotopes determined the biogeochemical transformation of sulfur from its source in Carboniferous evaporites to biotic processes occurring in the sediment and streamers. These complementary molecular tools provided a functional link between the geochemical substrates and the collective traits and activity that define the microbial community's interactions within a unique polar saline habitat where Thiomicrorhabdus-dominated streamers form and flourish.

中文翻译：

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加拿大北极高地常年高盐冷泉中的硫微杆状流和硫循环

位于加拿大北极高地 Axel Heiberg 岛上的石膏山 (GH) 泉拥有化学自养型硫氧化流带，这些流带在北极的高温冬季在 -1.3 至 7°C 的水温、约 8% 的盐度和高盐度条件下蓬勃发展北极冬季环境，气温通常低于-40°C，年平均气温为-15°C。流光样本的宏基因组测序和分箱产生了 96% 完整的硫微杆状菌。宏基因组组装的基因组代表可能的新物种或亚种。这是迄今为止描述的Thiomicrorhabdus基因组最冷和最极端的盐源环境。元蛋白质组学和元转录组学分析将拖缆中的几乎所有基因表达归因于Thiomicrorhabdussp. 并表明它在 CO ₂固定和硫化物氧化成元素硫方面具有活性。对多种硫同位素分馏的原位地球化学和同位素分析确定了硫从石炭纪蒸发岩中的来源到沉积物和流带中发生的生物过程的生物地球化学转化。这些互补的分子工具提供了地球化学基质与集体特征和活动之间的功能联系，这些特征和活动定义了独特的极地咸水栖息地中微生物群落的相互作用，在该栖息地，硫小鱼属主导的流带形成和繁盛。