Abstract To address a changing climate and dwindling water resources, many farmers have begun to adopt water-saving irrigation management practices in crop production. Consequently, the impacts of these water-management schemes on crop physiology and yield have been quantified within a single growing season, but relatively little work has been done in characterizing the effects of controlled water deficit on crop performance in the subsequent generation. Therefore, the major aim of this project was to explore the phenotypic impacts of water-saving irrigation management between generations and identify potential genotypic variation in these responses through the quantification of transgenerational stress memory (TSM) in the establishment, photosynthetic and agronomic performance of five genotypes of peanut. To address this objective, seeds were collected from parents that received two water regimes representing two parent stress histories with contrasting potential to induce TSM and providing two progeny types: 1) offspring of non-stressed parents and 2) offspring of stressed parents. Measurements of seedling emergence, photosynthetic functioning, and yield in three consecutive years indicated that TSM may exist in peanut. However, the ways in which TSM is expressed are complex and appear to be dependent on both the genotype and the immediate environmental conditions experienced by the offspring of stressed parents. The offspring of stressed parents had greater yield than the offspring of non-stressed parents, but only in one year of the study. On the other hand, field emergence was improved in the offspring of stressed parents in all years, indicating the stand establishment of peanut plants was determined, at least in part, by the water deficit incurred during the parent generation. These results suggest that the influence of TSM on peanut phenotypes was limited to the early stages of growth of field-grown peanut. Results of this study also highlight the need to further examine the role of management in the parental generation in determining peanut seed quality and subsequent plant performance under a variety of environmental conditions.

中文翻译：

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花生生产中水分亏缺的跨代应激记忆

摘要 为应对气候变化和水资源减少，许多农民开始在作物生产中采用节水灌溉管理措施。因此，这些水资源管理方案对作物生理和产量的影响在一个单一的生长季节内被量化，但在表征受控缺水对后代作物性能的影响方面所做的工作相对较少。因此，该项目的主要目的是探索节水灌溉管理在几代人之间的表型影响，并通过对五个植物的建立、光合作用和农艺性能的跨代应激记忆 (TSM) 进行量化，确定这些响应中潜在的基因型变异。花生的基因型。为了实现这一目标，从接受两种水制度的父母收集种子，这些水制度代表两个亲本压力历史，具有诱导 TSM 的不同潜力并提供两种后代类型：1) 非压力父母的后代和 2) 压力父母的后代。连续三年对出苗、光合功能和产量的测量表明，花生中可能存在 TSM。然而，TSM 的表达方式很复杂，似乎取决于基因型和压力父母的后代所经历的直接环境条件。压力父母的后代比非压力父母的后代产量更高，但仅在一年的研究中。另一方面，在所有年份中，压力父母的后代的田间羽化得到改善，表明花生植株的林分建立至少部分是由亲代期间发生的水分亏缺决定的。这些结果表明，TSM 对花生表型的影响仅限于田间花生生长的早期阶段。这项研究的结果还强调需要进一步检查管理在亲代中在各种环境条件下确定花生种子质量和随后的植物性能方面的作用。