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Epidemiological characteristics of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis associated with Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii from HIV-infected patients in Madagascar: A cross-sectional study.
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-13 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007984
Rivonirina Andry Rakotoarivelo 1 , Mihaja Raberahona 2 , Tahinamandranto Rasamoelina 3 , Andriamihaja Rabezanahary 4 , Fetra Angelot Rakotomalala 3 , Tiana Razafinambinintsoa 2 , Thomas Bénet 5 , Philippe Vanhems 5, 6 , Mamy Jean de Dieu Randria 2 , Luisa Romanò 7 , Massimo Cogliati 7 , Muriel Cornet 8 , Mala Rakoto Andrianarivelo 3
Affiliation  

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) remains the most prevalent invasive fungal infection worldwide. The main objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of CM and cryptococcal infection in HIV-infected patients in Madagascar. The secondary objectives were to assess the adjusted prevalence of CM according to clinical presentation and patient characteristics, to determine crude 90-day survival according to cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) status and CM, and to identify the genotypes of Cryptococcus clinical isolates. This cross-sectional study was carried out at two urban hospitals in Antananarivo (central highlands) and Toamasina (east coast) between November 2014 and December 2016. Consecutive HIV-infected adults presenting with CD4 cell counts ≤200/μl were enrolled. Lateral flow immunoassays of CrAg were performed on serum for all patients, and on cerebrospinal fluid for patients with CM symptoms. MALDI-ToF MS, ITS sequencing, and determinations of the molecular and mating types of the isolates were performed. Fluconazole is the only drug for CM treatment available in Madagascar. Patients were treated orally, with high doses (1200 mg/day) for 10-12 weeks and then with 200 mg/day. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for amphotericin B, flucytosine, voriconazole and fluconazole in E-tests. Overall prevalence was 13.2% (95% CI 7.9-20.3) for cryptococcal infection and 10.9% (95% CI 6.1-17.5) for CM, among the 129 HIV-infected patients studied. The 90-day mortality rate was 58.8% (10/17) in CrAg-positive patients and 17.9% (20/112) in CrAg-negative patients (p<0.001). The 13 Cryptococcus strains obtained at baseline were all Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, genotypes VNI-αA (3 isolates), VNII-αA (4 isolates) or hybrid VNI/VNII-αAAα (6 isolates), suggesting high diversity. Two strains acquired fluconazole resistance after four and five months of exposure, respectively. The prevalence of cryptococcosis is high in Madagascar and this serious condition is life-threatening in HIV-infected patients. These findings will be used to raise the awareness of national authorities to strengthen the national HIV/AIDS control program.

中文翻译:

新型隐球菌引起的隐球菌脑膜脑炎的流行病学特征 来自马达加斯加的HIV感染患者的grubii:一项横断面研究。

隐球菌脑膜脑炎(CM)仍然是世界上最流行的侵袭性真菌感染。这项研究的主要目的是描述马达加斯加的HIV感染患者中CM和隐球菌感染的患病率。次要目标是根据临床表现和患者特征评估调整后的CM患病率,根据隐球菌抗原(CrAg)状态和CM确定90天的粗略存活率,并确定隐球菌临床分离株的基因型。这项横断面研究是在2014年11月至2016年12月之间在塔那那利佛(中部高地)和Toamasina(东海岸)的两家城市医院中进行的。入选了连续感染HIV的成年人,其CD4细胞计数≤200/μl。对所有患者的血清进行CrAg侧向免疫测定,对CM症状的患者进行脑脊髓液测定。进行了MALDI-ToF MS,ITS测序以及分离物的分子和交配类型的测定。氟康唑是马达加斯加唯一可用于CM治疗的药物。高剂量(1200毫克/天)口服治疗10-12周,然后每天200毫克。在E检验中确定了两性霉素B,氟胞嘧啶,伏立康唑和氟康唑的最低抑菌浓度。在所研究的129名HIV感染患者中,隐球菌感染的总体患病率为13.2%(95%CI 7.9-20.3),而CM的患病率为10.9%(95%CI 6.1-17.5)。CrAg阳性患者的90天死亡率为58.8%(10/17),而CrAg阴性患者为17.9%(20/112)(p <0.001)。在基线获得的13个隐球菌菌株均为新隐球菌。grubii,基因型VNI-αA(3个分离株),VNII-αA(4个分离株)或VNI /VNII-αAAα杂种(6个分离株),表明多样性高。两种菌株分别在暴露四个月和五个月后获得了氟康唑耐药性。在马达加斯加,隐球菌病的患病率很高,这种严重的状况威胁着感染HIV的患者的生命。这些调查结果将用于提高国家当局对加强国家艾滋病毒/艾滋病控制方案的认识。在马达加斯加,隐球菌病的患病率很高,这种严重的状况威胁着感染HIV的患者的生命。这些调查结果将用于提高国家当局对加强国家艾滋病毒/艾滋病控制方案的认识。在马达加斯加,隐球菌病的患病率很高,这种严重的状况威胁着感染HIV的患者的生命。这些调查结果将用于提高国家当局对加强国家艾滋病毒/艾滋病控制方案的认识。
更新日期:2020-01-14
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