Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly is one of the most versatile concepts for the bottom-up design of functional nanostructures in materials science, nanomedicine and nanotechnology. While BCPs have been extensively studied regarding their microphase separation in bulk and the self-assembly in solution, only recently BCPs were investigated for their ability to form internally ordered microparticles. In this review, we discuss two emerging concepts: (i) the microphase separation of BCPs in the spherical confinement of evaporating emulsion droplets and (ii) the self-assembly of highly asymmetric BCPs under concentrated conditions. While the first concept yields solid and compact multicompartment microparticles suited for the synthesis of shape-anisotropic nanoparticles, photonic colloids, and actuators, the latter produces highly regular porous microparticles with exceptional interfacial area (BCP cubosomes and hexosomes). Despite distinct differences in the origin of both fields, commonalities in shape and morphology suggest an underlying formation mechanism that may link both research directions.

嵌段共聚物（BCP）自组装是材料科学，纳米医学和纳米技术中功能纳米结构的自底向上设计的最通用的概念之一。尽管已对BCP进行了整体微相分离和在溶液中自组装的广泛研究，但直到最近才对BCP形成内部有序微粒的能力进行了研究。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了两个新出现的概念：（i）蒸发乳液液滴的球形约束中BCP的微相分离，以及（ii）在浓缩条件下高度不对称BCP的自组装。尽管第一个概念产生了适合合成形状各向异性纳米粒子，光子胶体和促动器的固体紧凑的多室微粒，后者产生具有规则界面面积的高度规则的多孔微粒（BCP cubosomes和hexosomes）。尽管这两个领域的起源有明显的不同，但形状和形态的共性暗示了可能将两个研究方向联系在一起的潜在形成机制。