Hypoxia, a salient feature of most solid tumors, confers invasiveness and resistance to the tumor cells. Oxygen-consumption photodynamic therapy (PDT) suffers from the undesirable impediment of local hypoxia in tumors. Moreover, PDT could further worsen hypoxia. Therefore, developing effective strategies for manipulating hypoxia and improving the effectiveness of PDT has been a focus on antitumor treatment. In this review, the mechanism and relationship of tumor hypoxia and PDT are discussed. Moreover, we highlight recent trends in the field of nanomedicines to modulate hypoxia for enhancing PDT, such as oxygen supply systems, down-regulation of oxygen consumption and hypoxia utilization. Finally, the opportunities and challenges are put forward to facilitate the development and clinical transformation of PDT.

缺氧是大多数实体瘤的一个显着特征，赋予肿瘤细胞侵袭性和抵抗力。耗氧光动力疗法（PDT）受到肿瘤局部缺氧的不良阻碍。此外，PDT 可能会进一步加剧缺氧。因此，开发有效的策略来控制缺氧并提高PDT的有效性一直是抗肿瘤治疗的重点。本文综述了肿瘤缺氧与PDT的机制及关系。此外，我们还重点介绍了纳米医学领域调节缺氧以增强 PDT 的最新趋势，例如供氧系统、耗氧量下调和缺氧利用。最后提出促进PDT发展和临床转化的机遇和挑战。