Somatic cells acclimate to changes in the environment by temporary reprogramming. Much has been learned about transcription factors that induce these cell-state switches in both plants and animals, but how cells rapidly modulate their proteome remains elusive. Here, we show rapid induction of autophagy during temporary reprogramming in plants triggered by phytohormones, immune, and danger signals. Quantitative proteomics following sequential reprogramming revealed that autophagy is required for timely decay of previous cellular states and for tweaking the proteome to acclimate to the new conditions. Signatures of previous cellular programs thus persist in autophagy-deficient cells, affecting cellular decision-making. Concordantly, autophagy-deficient cells fail to acclimatize to dynamic climate changes. Similarly, they have defects in dedifferentiating into pluripotent stem cells, and redifferentiation during organogenesis. These observations indicate that autophagy mediates cell-state switches that underlie somatic cell reprogramming in plants and possibly other organisms, and thereby promotes phenotypic plasticity.

中文翻译：

---

自噬介导植物体细胞的临时重编程和去分化。

体细胞通过临时重新编程来适应环境的变化。关于在植物和动物中诱导这些细胞状态转换的转录因子，人们已经了解了很多，但细胞如何快速调节其蛋白质组仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们展示了在植物激素、免疫和危险信号触发的临时重编程过程中快速诱导自噬。顺序重编程后的定量蛋白质组学表明，自噬是及时衰减先前细胞状态和调整蛋白质组以适应新条件所必需的。因此，先前细胞程序的特征会持续存在于自噬缺陷细胞中，从而影响细胞决策。一致地，自噬缺陷细胞无法适应动态气候变化。相似地，它们在去分化为多能干细胞和器官发生过程中的再分化方面存在缺陷。这些观察结果表明，自噬介导细胞状态转换，这是植物和可能其他生物体中体细胞重编程的基础，从而促进表型可塑性。