• All the important single-atom catalysts (SACs) synthetic strategies, such as wet-chemistry method, atomic layer deposition, metal–organic framework-derived method, electrodeposition, high-temperature atom trapping from bulk particles, and vacancies/defects immobilized strategy, have been summarized and discussed in detail.

• Various metal-based (especially Pt, Pd, Ru, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, W, V) SACs in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have been systematically reviewed.

• The current key challenges in SACs for electrochemical HER are pointed out, and some potential strategies/perspectives are proposed.

中文翻译：

---

单原子催化剂的电化学氢气析出反应：最新进展和未来展望。

• 所有重要的单原子催化剂（SAC）合成策略，例如湿化学方法，原子层沉积，金属-有机骨架衍生方法，电沉积，从大颗粒中捕获高温原子以及固定空位/缺陷的策略，已经进行了总结和详细讨论。

• 系统地审查了各种金属基（尤其是Pt，Pd，Ru，Fe，Co，Ni，Mo，W，V）SAC在电催化制氢反应中的应用。

• 指出了目前用于电化学HER的SAC中的关键挑战，并提出了一些潜在的策略/观点。