• All the important single-atom catalysts (SACs) synthetic strategies, such as wet-chemistry method, atomic layer deposition, metal–organic framework-derived method, electrodeposition, high-temperature atom trapping from bulk particles, and vacancies/defects immobilized strategy, have been summarized and discussed in detail.

• Various metal-based (especially Pt, Pd, Ru, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, W, V) SACs in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have been systematically reviewed.

• The current key challenges in SACs for electrochemical HER are pointed out, and some potential strategies/perspectives are proposed.

中文翻译：

---

电化学析氢反应的单原子催化剂：最新进展和未来展望

• 
  所有重要的单原子催化剂（SAC）合成策略，例如湿化学法、原子层沉积、金属有机骨架衍生方法、电沉积、从块体颗粒中捕获高温原子以及空位/缺陷固定化策略，并进行了详细的总结和讨论。

• 
  对各种金属基（特别是 Pt、Pd、Ru、Fe、Co、Ni、Mo、W、V）SAC 在电催化析氢反应（HER）中的应用进行了系统的综述。

• 
  指出了电化学 HER 当前 SAC 面临的主要挑战，并提出了一些潜在的策略/观点。