Universal quantum information processing requires the execution of single-qubit and two-qubit logic. Across all qubit realizations¹, spin qubits in quantum dots have great promise to become the central building block for quantum computation². Excellent quantum dot control can be achieved in gallium arsenide^3,4,5, and high-fidelity qubit rotations and two-qubit logic have been demonstrated in silicon^6,7,8,9, but universal quantum logic implemented with local control has yet to be demonstrated. Here we make this step by combining all of these desirable aspects using hole quantum dots in germanium. Good control over tunnel coupling and detuning is obtained by exploiting quantum wells with very low disorder, enabling operation at the charge symmetry point for increased qubit performance. Spin–orbit coupling obviates the need for microscopic elements close to each qubit and enables rapid qubit control with driving frequencies exceeding 100 MHz. We demonstrate a fast universal quantum gate set composed of single-qubit gates with a fidelity of 99.3 per cent and a gate time of 20 nanoseconds, and two-qubit logic operations executed within 75 nanoseconds. Planar germanium has thus matured within a year from a material that can host quantum dots to a platform enabling two-qubit logic, positioning itself as an excellent material for use in quantum information applications.

通用量子信息处理需要执行单量子位和双量子位逻辑。纵观所有量子比特实现¹，量子点中的自旋量子比特很有希望成为量子计算的核心构建模块²。在砷化镓^{3,4,5 中}可以实现出色的量子点控制，在硅^{6,7,8,9 中}已经证明了高保真量子位旋转和双量子位逻辑，但是用局部控制实现的通用量子逻辑尚未得到证明。在这里，我们通过使用锗中的空穴量子点结合所有这些理想的方面来完成这一步。通过利用具有极低无序性的量子阱来获得对隧道耦合和失谐的良好控制，从而能够在电荷对称点处操作以提高量子比特性能。自旋轨道耦合消除了对靠近每个量子位的微观元件的需求，并实现了驱动频率超过 100 MHz 的快速量子位控制。我们展示了一个快速通用量子门集，由保真度为 99.3% 且门时间为 20 纳秒的单量子位门和在 75 纳秒内执行的双量子位逻辑运算组成。