A small‐scale reproduction of the ISO 13506‐1 thermal manikin was constructed to enable the assessment of manikin sensor performance, the partitioning of energy, and the variability of the fire generated during short duration heat and flame engulfment tests. The cylindrical test apparatus simultaneously housed four total heat flux (THF) sensors, one radiant heat flux sensor, and three manikin sensors. Calibrated manikin sensors were provided by nine laboratories and were categorised as buried thermocouple, copper‐based, or surface‐mounted thermocouple sensors. The test apparatus was exposed to fire generated by four propane torches for three exposure durations. All sensors presented similar profiles in net heat flux over time, which could be divided into four distinct phases: transient increase, pseudo‐steady state, transient decrease, and post‐exposure. Over pseudo‐steady state, the mean THF over all exposure durations was 88 ± 8 kW/m², and the ratio of convective to radiant energy was approximately 50:50, but highly variable. For a 4‐second exposure, manikin sensors from five laboratories had a bias in heat flux greater than ± 5% during pseudo‐steady state when compared with the THF sensors. This bias can primarily be attributed to the sensitivity of the manikin sensors to convective heat or heat loss due to sensor design.

中文翻译：

---

短时吞没测试期间的热传感器性能和火灾特征

构建了ISO 13506-1热人体模型的小规模复制品，以评估人体模型传感器的性能，能量分配以及在短时热和火焰吞噬测试期间产生的火的可变性。圆柱形测试设备同时装有四个总热通量（THF）传感器，一个辐射热通量传感器和三个人体模型传感器。校准的人体模型传感器由9个实验室提供，并分为埋入式热电偶，铜基或表面安装式热电偶传感器。将测试仪器暴露于四个丙烷炬产生的火中，持续三个暴露时间。所有传感器的净热通量随时间变化都具有相似的分布，可以分为四个不同的阶段：瞬态增加，伪稳态，瞬态减小，和曝光后。在拟稳态下，在所有暴露时间内，平均THF值为88±8 kW / m^{如图2所示}，对流与辐射能之比约为50:50，但变化很大。对于4秒的曝光，与THF传感器相比，在伪稳态下，来自五个实验室的人体模型传感器的热通量偏差大于±5％。该偏差主要归因于人体模型传感器对流热的敏感性或由于传感器设计引起的热损失。