Abstract Graphene, with excellent electrical conductivity and high theoretical capacity, may be one of the promising anodes for rechargeable batteries. However, several drawbacks, such as low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and limited actual reversible capacity, hamper their further development. Herein, a sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based composite with low-content Sb2S3 is synthesized through in-situ sulfuration process, which can deliver excellent electrochemical performance (high reversible capacity of 997 mA h g−1 with ICE of 71.6% for lithium storage and 639 mA h g−1 with ICE of 63.9% for sodium storage at 100 mA g−1), much higher than those of sulfur-doped or bare rGO. According to the physical and electrochemical characterizations, the partial substitutions of C–O bonds with C–S in rGO can greatly reduce the irreversible consumption of lithium or sodium, the covalent-bonded sulfur dopants and the doped Sb2S3 nanoparticles are electrochemically active for reversible lithium and sodium storage, and also enhance the structure stability effectively, resulting in superior electrochemical performance.

中文翻译：

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硫掺杂还原氧化石墨烯/Sb2S3 复合材料可实现优异的锂和钠存储

摘要 石墨烯具有优良的导电性和较高的理论容量，有望成为可充电电池的负极之一。然而，一些缺点，例如初始库仑效率（ICE）低和实际可逆容量有限，阻碍了它们的进一步发展。在此，通过原位硫化工艺合成了具有低含量 Sb2S3 的硫掺杂还原氧化石墨烯 (rGO) 基复合材料，该复合材料具有优异的电化学性能（997 mA hg-1 的高可逆容量，ICE 为 71.6%用于锂存储和 639 mA hg-1，在 100 mA g-1 时钠存储的 ICE 为 63.9%），远高于掺硫或裸 rGO。根据物理和电化学表征，