The standard chemotherapy is facing the challenges of lack of cancer selectivity and development of drug resistance. Currently, with the application of nanotechnology, the rationally designed nanocarriers of chondroitin sulfate (CS) have been fabricated and their unique features of low toxicity, biocompatibility, and active and passive targeting made them drug delivery vehicles of the choice for cancer therapy. The hydrophilic and anionic CS could be incorporated as a building block into- or decorated on the surface of nanoformulations. Micellar nanoparticles (NPs) self-assembled from amphiphilic CS-drug conjugates and CS-polymer conjugates, polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) and nanogels of CS have been widely implicated in cancer directed therapy. The surface modulation of organic, inorganic, lipid and metallic NPs with CS promotes the receptor-mediated internalization of NPs to the tumor cells. The potential contribution of CS and CS-proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the pathogenesis of various cancer types, and CS nanocarriers in immunotherapy, radiotherapy, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer are summarized in this review paper.

中文翻译：

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硫酸软骨素衍生用于肿瘤靶向药物递送的治疗和纳米治疗载体。

标准化学疗法面临着缺乏癌症选择性和耐药性发展的挑战。当前，随着纳米技术的应用，已经设计出了合理设计的硫酸软骨素（CS）纳米载体，其低毒，生物相容性以及主动和被动靶向的独特特征使其成为癌症治疗的首选药物递送载体。可以将亲水性和阴离子型CS作为结构单元并入或装饰在纳米制剂的表面上。由两亲性CS-药物结合物和CS-聚合物结合物，聚电解质复合物（PEC）和CS纳米凝胶自组装的胶束纳米颗粒（NP）已广泛参与了癌症定向治疗。有机，无机，具有CS的脂质和金属NPs促进了NPs介导的受体内在化到肿瘤细胞。本文综述了CS和CS蛋白聚糖（CSPG）在各种癌症发病机理中的潜在贡献，以及CS纳米载体在癌症的免疫疗法，放射疗法，声动力学疗法（SDT）和光动力疗法（PDT）中的潜在作用。