Abstract Photoinitiators of polymerization that can be activated under visible light and low intensity are actively researched as these compounds constitute the next generation of photoinitiators that will replace the controverted UV-photoinitiators. Over the years, a family of compounds has been identified as being highly promising in light of its remarkable photoinitiating ability, photochemical stability, low cost and easiness to functionalize, namely carbazoles. In this review, an overview of the different carbazole-based photoinitiators reported to date is presented. Interestingly, carbazoles have mostly been used as electron donors in push-pull structures, as photosensitizers for iodonium salts, as ligands for ferrocenium salts or as chromophores for phenacyl onium salts. These different applications clearly demonstrate the versatility of this structure used as the elemental building block for the design of UV, near-UV or visible light photoinitiators.

中文翻译：

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咔唑类光聚合引发剂的研究进展

摘要 可以在可见光和低强度下激活的聚合光引发剂正在积极研究中，因为这些化合物构成了下一代光引发剂，将取代有争议的紫外光引发剂。多年来，一系列化合物因其卓越的光引发能力、光化学稳定性、低成本和易于功能化而被确定为非常有前途的化合物，即咔唑。在这篇综述中，概述了迄今为止报道的不同咔唑基光引发剂。有趣的是，咔唑主要用作推挽结构中的电子供体、碘盐的光敏剂、二茂铁盐的配体或苯甲酰鎓盐的发色团。