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Impact of the Fiber Length Distribution on Porous Sponges Originating from Short Electrospun Fibers Made from Polymer Yarn
Macromolecular Materials and Engineering ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-13 , DOI: 10.1002/mame.201900629 Xiaojian Liao 1 , Pin Hu 1 , Seema Agarwal 1 , Andreas Greiner 1
Macromolecular Materials and Engineering ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-13 , DOI: 10.1002/mame.201900629 Xiaojian Liao 1 , Pin Hu 1 , Seema Agarwal 1 , Andreas Greiner 1
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DOI: 10.1002/mame.201900629 Recently, the potential of electrospun fibers was reported for the fabrication of novel electrospun fibrous sponges by the use of short electrospun fibers.[4,6,14,16] Owing to flexible fabrication conditions and diversified electrospun fibers, the sponges displayed tunable densities, multifunctionality, and applicability for various applications, for instance, reversible manual compression,[16] hydrophilic or super hydrophobic,[17,18] electrics,[19,20] respirable open cells,[21] or scaffolds for tissue engineering.[22,23] Thus, these sponges could perfectly overcome the mechanical brittleness of traditional inorganic aerogel and high cost of carbon aerogel problems, making them a perfect candidate for broad applications due to their high potential for functionalization. So far, almost all the concepts to obtain ultralight sponges consist of fabrication of short electrospun fiber suspensions by mechanical cutting and processing by self-assembly, followed by freeze-drying.[10] Normally, the short fibers obtained by using mechanical cutting devices, such as homogenizer, mixer, blender, grinder, exhibit uncontrollable length and broad length distribution represented by the high coefficient of variation (CV),[3,24–26] which is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean length. Simultaneously, beyond several different reported methods, such as chemical treatment,[27] ultrasonication,[28] electric spark,[29] concentrated polymer brush,[30] and direct electrospinning,[31–33] the patterned UV-crosslinking[34] and microcutting method[35,36] based on highly aligned fibers enable the production of quasi-monodisperse short fibers. Short fiber dispersions with low CV have not been used to the best of our knowledge for the preparation of sponges. Consequently, the role of CV and fiber length in the morphology and mechanical properties of the sponges is unknown, which is, however, very important for basic understanding and numerous applications. Herein, we present a new method for the preparation of short electrospun fiber dispersions with controlled CV and use them for the preparation of the sponges in order to evaluate the microstructure and mechanical properties. We show the cryo-microcutting of multifibrillar highly oriented electrospun poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) yarns which resulted finally in short individual PAN fibers of well-controlled length. Fiber dispersions of different CVs were obtained by mixing of short fibers of different lengths, which were used for the preparation of sponges following the established method. We could clearly Ultralight highly porous sponges made of short electrospun polymer fibers have gained significant attention for a variety of applications. According to the established procedures, short electrospun fibers are obtained by cutting or homogenization of electrospun fibers in suspension, which yield fibers with inhomogeneous fiber length. The role of the fiber length distribution and the fiber length in the mechanical compressibility of the sponges is unknown. Therefore, as a model study, sponges made from suspensions of short electrospun poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) fibers with controlled fiber length distribution are investigated, and the role of the fiber length distribution in the compressibility of the sponges is analyzed quantitatively. These sponges are also compared to the ones prepared by established procedure as a benchmark. It is found that the compression stress and modulus of ultralight sponges with monodisperse short fibers are respectively 32% and 45% higher than that made with polydisperse short fibers. The study also shows that sponges made from longer fibers have higher modulus in comparison to the sponges made from shorter fibers.
中文翻译：
纤维长度分布对源自聚合物纱线短电纺纤维的多孔海绵的影响
DOI: 10.1002/mame.201900629 最近，电纺纤维的潜力被报道为使用短电纺纤维制造新型电纺纤维海绵。 [4,6,14,16] 由于灵活的制造条件和多样化的电纺纤维，海绵显示出可调节的密度、多功能性和各种应用的适用性，例如，可逆手动压缩、[16] 亲水或超疏水、[17,18] 电学、[19,20] 可呼吸的开孔，[21] [22,23] 因此，这些海绵可以完美地克服传统无机气凝胶的机械脆性和碳气凝胶的高成本问题，使其成为广泛应用的完美候选者，因为它们具有很高的功能化潜力。迄今为止，几乎所有获得超轻海绵的概念都包括通过机械切割和自组装加工制造短电纺纤维悬浮液，然后冷冻干燥。 [10] 通常，使用均质机、混合机、混合机、研磨机等机械切割设备获得的短纤维表现出长度不可控和长度分布宽的特点，由高变异系数（CV）[3,24-26]定义作为标准偏差与平均长度的比率。同时，除了几种不同的报道方法，如化学处理、[27] 超声处理、[28] 电火花、[29] 浓缩聚合物刷、[30] 和直接静电纺丝、[31-33] 图案化 UV 交联 [34] ]和微切削方法[35，36]基于高度排列的纤维能够生产准单分散短纤维。据我们所知，具有低 CV 的短纤维分散体尚未用于制备海绵。因此，CV 和纤维长度在海绵形态和机械性能中的作用是未知的，然而，这对于基本理解和大量应用非常重要。在此，我们提出了一种制备具有受控 CV 的短电纺纤维分散体的新方法，并将其用于制备海绵，以评估其微观结构和机械性能。我们展示了多原纤维高度取向电纺聚（丙烯腈）（PAN）纱线的低温微切割，最终形成长度可控的短单股 PAN 纤维。通过混合不同长度的短纤维获得不同 CV 的纤维分散体，用于按照既定方法制备海绵。我们可以清楚地看到，由短电纺聚合物纤维制成的超轻多孔海绵在各种应用中都获得了极大的关注。根据既定的程序，通过切割或均化悬浮的电纺纤维获得短电纺纤维，从而产生纤维长度不均匀的纤维。纤维长度分布和纤维长度在海绵机械可压缩性中的作用是未知的。因此，作为模型研究，研究了由具有受控纤维长度分布的短电纺聚（丙烯腈）（PAN）纤维悬浮液制成的海绵，定量分析了纤维长度分布对海绵压缩性的作用。这些海绵还与作为基准的通过既定程序制备的海绵进行比较。结果表明，采用单分散短纤维制成的超轻海绵的压缩应力和模量分别比采用多分散短纤维制成的海绵高32%和45%。该研究还表明，与由较短纤维制成的海绵相比，由较长纤维制成的海绵具有更高的模量。结果表明，采用单分散短纤维制成的超轻海绵的压缩应力和模量分别比采用多分散短纤维制成的海绵高32%和45%。该研究还表明，与由较短纤维制成的海绵相比，由较长纤维制成的海绵具有更高的模量。结果表明，采用单分散短纤维制成的超轻海绵的压缩应力和模量分别比采用多分散短纤维制成的海绵高32%和45%。该研究还表明，与由较短纤维制成的海绵相比，由较长纤维制成的海绵具有更高的模量。
更新日期：2020-01-13
中文翻译：
纤维长度分布对源自聚合物纱线短电纺纤维的多孔海绵的影响
DOI: 10.1002/mame.201900629 最近，电纺纤维的潜力被报道为使用短电纺纤维制造新型电纺纤维海绵。 [4,6,14,16] 由于灵活的制造条件和多样化的电纺纤维，海绵显示出可调节的密度、多功能性和各种应用的适用性，例如，可逆手动压缩、[16] 亲水或超疏水、[17,18] 电学、[19,20] 可呼吸的开孔，[21] [22,23] 因此，这些海绵可以完美地克服传统无机气凝胶的机械脆性和碳气凝胶的高成本问题，使其成为广泛应用的完美候选者，因为它们具有很高的功能化潜力。迄今为止，几乎所有获得超轻海绵的概念都包括通过机械切割和自组装加工制造短电纺纤维悬浮液，然后冷冻干燥。 [10] 通常，使用均质机、混合机、混合机、研磨机等机械切割设备获得的短纤维表现出长度不可控和长度分布宽的特点，由高变异系数（CV）[3,24-26]定义作为标准偏差与平均长度的比率。同时，除了几种不同的报道方法，如化学处理、[27] 超声处理、[28] 电火花、[29] 浓缩聚合物刷、[30] 和直接静电纺丝、[31-33] 图案化 UV 交联 [34] ]和微切削方法[35，36]基于高度排列的纤维能够生产准单分散短纤维。据我们所知，具有低 CV 的短纤维分散体尚未用于制备海绵。因此，CV 和纤维长度在海绵形态和机械性能中的作用是未知的，然而，这对于基本理解和大量应用非常重要。在此，我们提出了一种制备具有受控 CV 的短电纺纤维分散体的新方法，并将其用于制备海绵，以评估其微观结构和机械性能。我们展示了多原纤维高度取向电纺聚（丙烯腈）（PAN）纱线的低温微切割，最终形成长度可控的短单股 PAN 纤维。通过混合不同长度的短纤维获得不同 CV 的纤维分散体，用于按照既定方法制备海绵。我们可以清楚地看到，由短电纺聚合物纤维制成的超轻多孔海绵在各种应用中都获得了极大的关注。根据既定的程序，通过切割或均化悬浮的电纺纤维获得短电纺纤维，从而产生纤维长度不均匀的纤维。纤维长度分布和纤维长度在海绵机械可压缩性中的作用是未知的。因此，作为模型研究，研究了由具有受控纤维长度分布的短电纺聚（丙烯腈）（PAN）纤维悬浮液制成的海绵，定量分析了纤维长度分布对海绵压缩性的作用。这些海绵还与作为基准的通过既定程序制备的海绵进行比较。结果表明，采用单分散短纤维制成的超轻海绵的压缩应力和模量分别比采用多分散短纤维制成的海绵高32%和45%。该研究还表明，与由较短纤维制成的海绵相比，由较长纤维制成的海绵具有更高的模量。结果表明，采用单分散短纤维制成的超轻海绵的压缩应力和模量分别比采用多分散短纤维制成的海绵高32%和45%。该研究还表明，与由较短纤维制成的海绵相比，由较长纤维制成的海绵具有更高的模量。结果表明，采用单分散短纤维制成的超轻海绵的压缩应力和模量分别比采用多分散短纤维制成的海绵高32%和45%。该研究还表明，与由较短纤维制成的海绵相比，由较长纤维制成的海绵具有更高的模量。
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