BACKGROUND Intestinal pathogen infections are widespread among impoverished populations. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common pathogen of intestinal microsporidian species in humans worldwide. However, no epidemiological information is available on E. bieneusi infection in humans in Myanmar. The present study comprised the first identification and genotyping of E. bieneusi in humans conducted in Myanmar. RESULTS A total of 172 fecal specimens were collected from the Wa people (one each) in four villages of Pangsang Township of the Matman District of Shan State, Myanmar, and each participant completed a questionnaire. E. bieneusi was identified and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. The average prevalence of E. bieneusi was 8.72% (15/172), ranging from 3.85 to 13.89% by village. E. bieneusi infection was not related to any of the risk factors studied. Six genotypes were identified, comprising two known genotypes Peru6 (n = 10) and D (n = 1) and four novel genotypes (MMR23, MMR25, MMR86, and MMR87) (one each), and two people infected with genotype Peru6 were from the same family. A phylogenetic analysis based on a neighbor-joining tree of the ITS sequences of E. bieneusi indicated that all the six genotypes were clustered into group 1. CONCLUSIONS This is the first identification and genotyping of E. bieneusi in humans in Myanmar. The observations that the two people infected with genotype Peru6 were from the same family, and that all six genotypes obtained in the present study fell into zoonotic group 1, showed the potential for anthropogenic and zoonotic transmissions. The present data argue for the importance of epidemiological control and prevention from medical sectors.

中文翻译：

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缅甸人Enterocytozoon bieneusi的首次鉴定和基因分型。

背景技术肠道病原体感染在贫困人群中很普遍。肠小动物肠杆菌是全世界人类中最常见的肠道微孢子虫种病原体。但是，没有关于缅甸人类比埃希氏大肠杆菌感染的流行病学信息。本研究包括在缅甸进行的人类比氏大肠杆菌的首次鉴定和基因分型。结果从缅甸Shan邦马特曼区庞桑镇的四个村庄的the族（共一个）收集了172份粪便标本，每个参与者完成了一份问卷。使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和核糖体RNA（rRNA）基因内部转录间隔区（ITS）区域的序列分析，鉴定了比氏肠球菌并进行了基因分型。别氏大肠杆菌的平均患病率为8。72％（15/172），从村庄的3.85％到13.89％不等。别氏大肠杆菌感染与所研究的任何危险因素均无关。确定了六种基因型，包括两种已知的基因型Peru6（n = 10）和D（n = 1）和四种新的基因型（MMR23，MMR25，MMR86和MMR87）（各一种），以及两名感染了秘鲁6基因型的人。同一个家庭。基于比氏肠埃希氏菌ITS序列的邻接树的系统进化分析表明，这6个基因型均被归类为第1组。结论这是缅甸人中比埃希氏菌的首次鉴定和基因分型。观察到两个感染了秘鲁基因型6的人来自同一个家庭，本研究中获得的所有六个基因型均属于人畜共患病组1，显示出人为和人畜共患传播的潜力。目前的数据证明了医学部门进行流行病学控制和预防的重要性。