Adipose tissue is a complex structure responsible for fat storage and releasing polypeptides (adipokines) and metabolites, with systemic actions including body weight balance, appetite regulation, glucose homeostasis, and blood pressure control. Signals sent from different tissues are generated and integrated in adipose tissue; thus, there is a close connection between this endocrine organ and different organs and systems such as the gut and the cardiovascular system. It is known that functional foods, especially different nuts, may be related to a net of molecular mechanisms contributing to cardiometabolic health. Despite being energy-dense foods, nut consumption has been associated with no weight gain, weight loss, and lower risk of becoming overweight or obese. Several studies have reported beneficial effects after nut consumption on glucose control, appetite suppression, metabolites related to adipose tissue and gut microbiota, and on adipokines due to their fatty acid profile, vegetable proteins, l-arginine, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and phytosterols. The aim of this review is to briefly describe possible mechanisms implicated in weight homeostasis related to different nuts, as well as studies that have evaluated the effects of nut consumption on adipokines and metabolites related to adipose tissue and gut microbiota in animal models, healthy individuals, and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention.

中文翻译：

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脂肪因子和脂肪组织相关代谢产物，坚果和心血管疾病。

脂肪组织是负责脂肪储存和释放多肽（脂肪因子）和代谢物的复杂结构，其全身作用包括体重平衡，食欲调节，葡萄糖稳态和血压控制。从不同组织发出的信号会生成并整合到脂肪组织中；因此，该内分泌器官与不同的器官和系统（如肠道和心血管系统）之间存在紧密的联系。众所周知，功能食品，尤其是不同的坚果，可能与有助于心脏代谢健康的分子机制网络有关。尽管坚果是高能量食品，但食用坚果并没有增加体重，减轻体重以及降低超重或肥胖的风险。几项研究报告了食用坚果后对血糖控制，食欲抑制，与脂肪组织和肠道微生物群有关的代谢产物以及由于脂肪，植物蛋白，L-精氨酸，膳食纤维，维生素，矿物质和脂肪形成的脂肪代谢因子的有益作用。植物固醇。这篇综述的目的是简要描述与不同坚果相关的体重稳态平衡的可能机制，以及评估动物食用，健康个体中坚果摄入对脂肪组织和肠道微生物群相关的脂肪因子和代谢产物的影响的研究，以及一级和二级心血管预防。维生素，矿物质和植物甾醇。这篇综述的目的是简要描述与不同坚果相关的体重稳态平衡的可能机制，以及评估动物食用，健康个体中坚果摄入对脂肪组织和肠道微生物群相关的脂肪因子和代谢产物的影响的研究，以及一级和二级心血管预防。维生素，矿物质和植物甾醇。这篇综述的目的是简要描述与不同坚果相关的体重稳态平衡的可能机制，以及评估动物食用，健康个体中坚果摄入对脂肪组织和肠道微生物群相关的脂肪因子和代谢产物的影响的研究，以及一级和二级心血管预防。