Abstract Bismuth silicates are intensively investigated for their applications as condensers, sensors, data storage and optical devices, and photocatalysts. An increased interest in bismuth silicates stimulates developing new methods of their preparation. Synthesis of complex compounds in dry solid powder mixtures in the course of mechanical activation with the absence of any solvent and long-time high-temperature treatment is an attractive method in terms of “green” chemistry and time-effective one-stage approaches. In the present study, mechanical treatment of the mixtures of bismuth(III) compounds and silica with different Bi/Si atomic ratio is applied to prepare the Bi2SiO5, Bi4Si3O12, and Bi12SiO20 bismuth silicates. The effect of Bi precursor and milling time on the bismuth silicate formation in the course of mechanical treatment is investigated. The effect of subsequent thermal treatment of the activated mixture on the phase composition of the samples is also considered. The results obtained show the opportunity for the mechanochemical synthesis of γ-Bi12SiO20 and metastable Bi2SiO5 directly in the course of milling of α-Bi2O3 and SiO2·nH2O mixtures at room temperatures. The formation of target Bi4Si3O12 is shown to occur via the solid-phase reactions between Bi2SiO5 formed during the milling and silica unreacted in the course of subsequent thermal treatment at moderate temperature (

中文翻译：

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硅酸铋软合成的机械活化

摘要 硅酸铋在电容器、传感器、数据存储和光学器件以及光催化剂等方面的应用受到广泛研究。对硅酸铋的兴趣增加刺激了其制备新方法的开发。在机械活化过程中，在没有任何溶剂和长时间高温处理的情况下，在干燥固体粉末混合物中合成复杂的化合物，就“绿色”化学和时间有效的一步法而言，是一种有吸引力的方法。在本研究中，采用机械处理不同 Bi/Si 原子比的铋 (III) 化合物和二氧化硅的混合物来制备 Bi2SiO5、Bi4Si3O12 和 Bi12SiO20 硅酸铋。研究了Bi前驱体和球磨时间对机械处理过程中硅酸铋形成的影响。还考虑了活化混合物的后续热处理对样品相组成的影响。所得结果表明，在室温下研磨 α-Bi2O3 和 SiO2·nH2O 混合物的过程中，有机会直接机械化学合成 γ-Bi12SiO20 和亚稳态 Bi2SiO5。目标 Bi4Si3O12 的形成是通过研磨过程中形成的 Bi2SiO5 与随后在中等温度下热处理过程中未反应的二氧化硅之间的固相反应发生的（所得结果表明，在室温下研磨 α-Bi2O3 和 SiO2·nH2O 混合物的过程中，有机会直接机械化学合成 γ-Bi12SiO20 和亚稳态 Bi2SiO5。目标 Bi4Si3O12 的形成是通过研磨过程中形成的 Bi2SiO5 与随后在中等温度下热处理过程中未反应的二氧化硅之间的固相反应发生的（所得结果表明，在室温下研磨 α-Bi2O3 和 SiO2·nH2O 混合物的过程中，有机会直接机械化学合成 γ-Bi12SiO20 和亚稳态 Bi2SiO5。目标 Bi4Si3O12 的形成是通过研磨过程中形成的 Bi2SiO5 与随后在中等温度下热处理过程中未反应的二氧化硅之间的固相反应发生的（