American Indian adults are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease compared with non-Hispanic white adults. Scant research exists examining the underlying physiological and psychological mechanisms associated with these risks. This study aimed to examine possible psychological and physiological stress-related mechanisms related to cardiovascular disease risk in healthy American Indian and non-Hispanic white adults. Forty American Indian (60% female, Mean age = 19.93, SD = 2.08 years) and 45 non-Hispanic white (70% female, Mean age = 20.18, SD = 2.22 years) participants attended an in-person laboratory session. Salivary cortisol and cardiovascular activity were measured before (baseline), during, and after exposure to a 10-minute mental arithmetic task. Compared to non-Hispanic white participants, American Indian had diminished salivary cortisol (p < .001), blood pressure (p's < .001), and heart rate (p = .041) responses to acute psychological stress. These effects could not be accounted for by differences in task performance or self-reported engagement. Previous research has shown that exaggerated responses to stress are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, diminished responses to stress are associated with early childhood stress and future adverse behaviors (e.g., addiction, obesity). Diminished reactivity may influence behaviors that can impact future development of cardiovascular disease in American Indian populations.

中文翻译：

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美国印第安年轻人对急性心理压力的心血管和皮质醇反应减弱

与非西班牙裔白人成年人相比，美国印第安成年人患心血管疾病的风险更高。很少有研究检查与这些风险相关的潜在生理和心理机制。本研究旨在检查健康的美国印第安人和非西班牙裔白人成年人中与心血管疾病风险相关的可能的心理和生理压力相关机制。40 名美国印第安人（60% 女性，平均年龄 = 19.93，SD = 2.08 岁）和 45 名非西班牙裔白人（70% 女性，平均年龄 = 20.18，SD = 2.22 岁）参加了面对面的实验室会议。在暴露于 10 分钟心算任务之前（基线）、期间和之后测量唾液皮质醇和心血管活动。与非西班牙裔白人参与者相比，美洲印第安人对急性心理压力的唾液皮质醇 (p < .001)、血压 (p's < .001) 和心率 (p = .041) 反应减少。这些影响不能用任务表现或自我报告的参与度的差异来解释。先前的研究表明，对压力的过度反应与心血管疾病风险增加有关。然而，对压力的反应减弱与儿童早期压力和未来的不良行为（例如，成瘾、肥胖）有关。反应性减弱可能会影响可能影响美洲印第安人未来心血管疾病发展的行为。这些影响不能用任务表现或自我报告的参与度的差异来解释。先前的研究表明，对压力的过度反应与心血管疾病风险增加有关。然而，对压力的反应减弱与儿童早期压力和未来的不良行为（例如，成瘾、肥胖）有关。反应性减弱可能会影响可能影响美洲印第安人未来心血管疾病发展的行为。这些影响不能用任务表现或自我报告的参与度的差异来解释。先前的研究表明，对压力的过度反应与心血管疾病风险增加有关。然而，对压力的反应减弱与儿童早期压力和未来的不良行为（例如，成瘾、肥胖）有关。反应性减弱可能会影响可能影响美洲印第安人未来心血管疾病发展的行为。