Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a recently recognized non-Hodgkin lymphoma of T-cell origin. Despite the low incidence of this new disease, the increasing use of breast implants for cosmetic or post-mastectomy reconstruction purposes places BIA-ALC as an emerging and compelling medical challenge. The real BIA-ALCL pathogenesis has not been fully uncovered so far, while different putative causal factors have been proposed. Breast implants with textured surfaces seem to be associated with nearly all cases of BIA-ALCL, while the real the risk of disease development has not been well estimated so far. Late onset, persistent seroma around breast implant represents the classical clinical presentation. Most of the BIA-ALCL patients presents with localized disease, which confers an excellent prognosis. Unlike other non-Hodgkin lymphomas, surgical excision of the mass has a key role in the treatment. For patients with advanced and disseminated diseases, the treatment did not differ from other types of T-cell lymphoma. For these reasons, BIA-ALCL represents an emerging disease which requires multidisciplinary team approach to well define diagnostic workup and treatment for each patient. This review article aims to summarize available data on BIA-ALCL. First, we will outline available data on BIA-ALCL epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic work-up, and treatment. Second, we will point out the potential psychological implications as well as the risk of perception distortion for women with breast implants, especially for those with previous breast cancer. Lastly, we will summarize the current national recommendations regarding textured breast implants and discuss the diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm for BIA-ALCL management.

中文翻译：

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乳房植入物相关的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤：全面审查。

乳房植入物相关的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤（BIA-ALCL）是最近公认的T细胞来源的非霍奇金淋巴瘤。尽管这种新疾病的发病率较低，但是越来越多地将乳房植入物用于美容或乳房切除术后重建目的，使BIA-ALC成为新兴且引人注目的医学挑战。到目前为止，还没有完全发现真正的BIA-ALCL发病机理，而已经提出了各种可能的致病因素。几乎所有的BIA-ALCL病例都与表面纹理化的乳房植入物有关，而到目前为止尚未真正估计出疾病发展的风险。乳房植入物周围的迟发性持续性血清肿代表了经典的临床表现。大多数BIA-ALCL患者表现为局部疾病，预后良好。与其他非霍奇金淋巴瘤不同，手术切除肿块在治疗中起关键作用。对于患有晚期和弥散性疾病的患者，治疗与其他类型的T细胞淋巴瘤没有区别。由于这些原因，BIA-ALCL代表一种正在出现的疾病，需要多学科团队的方法来为每个患者明确诊断检查和治疗。本文旨在总结有关BIA-ALCL的可用数据。首先，我们将概述有关BIA-ALCL流行病学，发病机理，诊断检查和治疗的可用数据。其次，我们将指出植入乳房的女性，特别是患有乳腺癌的女性的潜在心理影响以及感知扭曲的风险。最后，