Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) modules are sensitive to the spectral distribution of solar irradiance. Although numerical weather prediction (NWP) models compute irradiance in several spectral bands, only broadband quantities are provided in the standard outputs used for PV forecasts. This study investigates how this lack of information impacts PV power estimation. A physical PV model is first designed that accounts for the spectral distribution of irradiance and the spectral response of the panels. This model is evaluated using measurements performed at Site Instrumental de Recherche par Teledetection Atmospherique (SIRTA), Palaiseau, France. The mean relative difference between simulated and measured PV power for a monocrystalline silicon module of 250 W nominal power is −0.9%, and the mean bias is −2.0 W. This model is then used to investigate the impact of solar zenith angle and clouds on the performance of PV modules. PV performance can increase in cloudy conditions by 5% through spectral filtering of near-infrared irradiance, and by 18% when only the useful irradiance is considered to compute performance. This spectral effects is not captured by the PV model when only broadband irradiances are used. In such case errors up to 15% are obtained in simulated PV power compared to using a state-of-the-art NWP model providing irradiance in 14 spectral bands. More generally, broadband global horizontal irradiance appears insufficient for accurate PV power modelling, highlighting the added value of spectrally-and-angularly-refined irradiances. This stresses that PV models should use more detailed irradiance inputs, which could be easily achieved by exploiting internal variables of NWP models.

中文翻译：

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由于缺乏太阳辐照度输入的光谱和角度细节而导致光伏功率建模错误

摘要 光伏 (PV) 组件对太阳辐照度的光谱分布很敏感。尽管数值天气预报 (NWP) 模型计算多个光谱带中的辐照度，但在用于 PV 预测的标准输出中仅提供宽带量。本研究调查了这种信息缺乏如何影响光伏功率估计。首先设计了一个物理 PV 模型，该模型考虑了辐照度的光谱分布和面板的光谱响应。该模型是使用在 Site Instrumental de Recherche par Teledetection Atmospherique (SIRTA), Palaiseau, France 进行的测量进行评估的。对于标称功率为 250 W 的单晶硅组件，模拟和测量 PV 功率之间的平均相对差异为 -0.9%，平均偏差为 -2.0 W。然后使用该模型研究太阳天顶角和云对光伏组件性能的影响。通过近红外辐照度的光谱过滤，PV 性能在多云条件下可提高 5%，当仅考虑有用辐照度来计算性能时，PV 性能可提高 18%。当仅使用宽带辐照度时，PV 模型不会捕获这种光谱效应。在这种情况下，与使用提供 14 个光谱带辐照度的最先进 NWP 模型相比，在模拟 PV 功率中获得的误差高达 15%。更一般地说，宽带全球水平辐照度似乎不足以进行准确的光伏功率建模，突出了光谱和角度细化辐照度的附加值。这强调 PV 模型应该使用更详细的辐照度输入，