The Gram-negative Shewanella bacterial genus currently includes about 70 species of mostly aquatic γ­-proteobacteria, which were isolated around the globe in a multitude of environments such as surface freshwater and the deepest marine trenches. Their survival in such a wide range of ecological niches is due to their impressive physiological and respiratory versatility. Some strains are among the organisms with the highest number of respiratory systems, depending on a complex and rich metabolic network. Implicated in the recycling of organic and inorganic matter, they are important components of organism-rich oxic/anoxic interfaces, but they also belong to the microflora of a broad group of eukaryotes from metazoans to green algae. Examples of long-term biological interactions like mutualism or pathogeny have been described, although molecular determinants of such symbioses are still poorly understood. Some of these bacteria are key organisms for various biotechnological applications, especially the bioremediation of hydrocarbons and metallic pollutants. The natural ability of these prokaryotes to thrive and detoxify deleterious compounds explains their use in wastewater treatment, their use in energy generation by microbial fuel cells and their importance for resilience of aquatic ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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希瓦氏菌属：维持和维护水生生态系统的无处不在的生物。

革兰氏阴性希瓦氏菌细菌属目前包括大约70种主要是水生γ-蛋白细菌，它们在许多环境中被隔离在全球范围内，例如地表淡水和最深的海沟。它们在如此广泛的生态环境中生存的原因在于其令人印象深刻的生理和呼吸功能。根据复杂而丰富的代谢网络，某些菌株属于呼吸系统数量最多的生物。它们涉及有机物和无机物的循环利用，是富含生物体的有氧/缺氧界面的重要组成部分，但它们也属于从后生动物到绿藻的大量真核生物的微生物区系。已经描述了长期生物相互作用（例如互惠或致病性）的示例，尽管对这种共生酶的分子决定因素仍知之甚少。这些细菌中的某些细菌是各种生物技术应用中的关键生物，尤其是碳氢化合物和金属污染物的生物修复。这些原核生物能够生长和解毒有害化合物的天然能力说明了它们在废水处理中的应用，它们在微生物燃料电池产生的能源中的应用以及它们对于水生生态系统复原力的重要性。