The in-band full-duplexing is a promising technique to boost wireless network throughput by allowing a node to transmit and receive simultaneously. This paper provides a comprehensive investigation on the hidden-node problem that arises in the full-duplex (FD) enabled carrier-sensing multiple-access (CSMA) networks. In particular, we first provide the fundamental conditions that guarantee successful receptions for all the FD transmission cases, and propose an ellipse interference model and an ellipse carrier-sensing model to capture the interference relations and the carrier-sensing mechanism in FD CSMA networks, respectively. We further establish the hidden-node-free design in FD CSMA networks. Specifically, we show the sufficient conditions on the carrier-sensing power threshold that can eliminate hidden-node collisions. We show that compared with half-duplex CSMA networks, the FD CSMA network needs a much smaller carrier-sensing power threshold to prevent hidden-node collisions, which leads to poor network spatial reuse. This motivates us to further propose a new medium access control (MAC) protocol with Full-duplex Enhanced Carrier-Sensing (FECS) mechanism. The FECS-MAC enables the secondary carrier-sensing before starting the secondary transmission. We show that with the secondary carrier-sensing design, the required carrier-sensing power threshold can be increased while keeping the network hidden-node free. Therefore, the network spatial reuse and throughput can be significantly improved. Simulation results demonstrate that the FECS-MAC can improve the throughput of dense three-node FD networks by more than 30 percent, compared with relay full-duplex (RFD) MAC protocol proposed in [1] .

中文翻译：

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全双工 CSMA 网络中的隐藏节点问题

带内全双工是一种很有前途的技术，通过允许节点同时发送和接收来提高无线网络吞吐量。本文对全双工 (FD) 启用的载波侦听多址 (CSMA) 网络中出现的隐藏节点问题进行了全面调查。特别是，我们首先提供了保证所有 FD 传输情况成功接收的基本条件，并提出了椭圆干扰模型和椭圆载波侦听模型来分别捕捉 FD CSMA 网络中的干扰关系和载波侦听机制。 . 我们进一步在 FD CSMA 网络中建立了无隐藏节点的设计。具体来说，我们展示了可以消除隐藏节点冲突的载波侦听功率阈值的充分条件。我们表明，与半双工 CSMA 网络相比，FD CSMA 网络需要一个小得多的载波感知功率阈值来防止隐藏节点冲突，这会导致网络空间重用不佳。这促使我们进一步提出具有全双工增强型载波侦听 (FECS) 机制的新媒体访问控制 (MAC) 协议。FECS-MAC 在开始二次传输之前启用二次载波侦听。我们表明，通过二级载波侦听设计，可以增加所需的载波侦听功率阈值，同时保持网络隐藏节点空闲。因此，可以显着提高网络空间复用和吞吐量。仿真结果表明，FECS-MAC 可以将密集的三节点 FD 网络的吞吐量提高 30% 以上，