To enable realistic studies of massive multiple-input multiple-output systems, the COST 2100 channel model is extended based on measurements. First, the concept of a base station-side visibility region (BS-VR) is proposed to model the appearance and disappearance of clusters when using a physically-large array. We find that BS-VR lifetimes are exponentially distributed, and that the number of BS-VRs is Poisson distributed with mean proportional to the sum of the array length and the mean lifetime. Simulations suggest that under certain conditions longer lifetimes can help decorrelating closely-located users. Second, the concept of a multipath component visibility region (MPC-VR) is proposed to model birth-death processes of individual MPCs at the mobile station side. We find that both MPC lifetimes and MPC-VR radii are lognormally distributed. Simulations suggest that unless MPC-VRs are applied the channel condition number is overestimated. Key statistical properties of the proposed extensions, e.g., autocorrelation functions, maximum likelihood estimators, and Cramer-Rao bounds, are derived and analyzed.

中文翻译：

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COST 2100 信道模型的大规模 MIMO 扩展：建模和验证

为了能够对大规模多输入多输出系统进行现实研究，COST 2100 通道模型基于测量进行了扩展。首先，提出了基站侧可见区域 (BS-VR) 的概念，以在使用物理大阵列时对集群的出现和消失进行建模。我们发现 BS-VR 的寿命呈指数分布，并且 BS-VR 的数量是泊松分布的，平均值与阵列长度和平均寿命的总和成正比。模拟表明，在某些条件下，更长的生命周期可以帮助消除位置接近的用户。其次，提出了多路径分量可见区域（MPC-VR）的概念来模拟移动站侧单个 MPC 的生死过程。我们发现 MPC 寿命和 MPC-VR 半径都是对数正态分布的。模拟表明，除非应用 MPC-VR，否则信道条件数会被高估。导出并分析了所提议扩展的关键统计特性，例如自相关函数、最大似然估计量和 Cramer-Rao 界限。