Many modern and emerging applications; including sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT), industrial process monitoring, and distributed phased arrays, among others; require high-accuracy localization. Achieving submillimeter accuracy requires wideband waveforms, typically linear frequency-modulated or spread-spectrum waveforms, which limits the use of low-cost commodity hardware such as software-defined radios, which have limited instantaneous bandwidths. In this letter, we demonstrate a novel approach to high-accuracy localization using spectrally sparse waveforms and a dual-channel microwave sensor. We use a dual-tone waveform with low-bandwidth pulse modulation, where each tone is generated and received by a separate transceiver on the two-channel sensor. The individual tones may be separated by any bandwidth up to the operational limitations of the system for increased localization accuracy, while using instantaneously narrowband signals on each channel. We demonstrate localization accuracy of $530~\mu \text{m}$ with tone separations of 450 MHz on a 2-GHz carrier frequency.

中文翻译：

---

使用光谱稀疏信号的具有亚毫米范围精度的微波传感器

许多现代和新兴的应用程序；包括传感器网络、物联网 (IoT)、工业过程监控和分布式相控阵等；需要高精度定位。实现亚毫米精度需要宽带波形，通常是线性调频或扩频波形，这限制了低成本商品硬件（例如软件定义无线电）的使用，这些硬件具有有限的瞬时带宽。在这封信中，我们展示了一种使用频谱稀疏波形和双通道微波传感器进行高精度定位的新方法。我们使用具有低带宽脉冲调制的双音波形，其中每个音由双通道传感器上的单独收发器生成和接收。单个音调可以由任何带宽分隔，直至系统的操作限制，以提高定位精度，同时在每个通道上使用即时窄带信号。我们证明了 $530~\mu\text{m}$ 的定位精度，在 2-GHz 载波频率上的音调分离为 450 MHz。