Background The causal relationship between asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is unknown in children. Methods The Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Sample Cohort 2002–2013 was used. The population age <15 years was selected. In study I, 86,096 asthmatic children were 1:1 matched with 86,096 control I participants. In study II, 532 GERD children were 1:2 matched with 1064 control II participants. The stratified Cox proportional hazard ratios for GERD in patients with asthma (study I) and asthma in patients with GERD (study II) were analyzed. Results In total, 0.7% (583/86,096) of the asthma group and 0.5% (430/86,096) of the control I group had GERD ( P < 0.001). The asthma group demonstrated a 1.36 times higher HR for GERD than the control I group (95% CI = 1.20–1.54, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses according to age and sex showed consistent results. In total, 15.0% (80/532) of the GERD group and 10.0% (106/1,064) of the control II group had asthma ( P < 0.001). The GERD group showed a 1.62-fold higher HR for asthma than the control II group (95% CI = 1.21–2.18, P < 0.001). Conclusion GERD and asthma demonstrated a bidirectional relationship in children.

中文翻译：

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儿童 GERD 与哮喘之间的双向关联：使用国家样本队列的两项纵向随访研究

背景 儿童哮喘和胃食管反流病 (GERD) 之间的因果关系尚不清楚。方法 使用韩国健康保险审查和评估服务 - 国家样本队列 2002-2013。选择年龄<15岁的人群。在研究 I 中，86,096 名哮喘儿童与 86,096 名对照 I 参与者按 1:1 配对。在研究 II 中，532 名 GERD 儿童与 1064 名对照 II 参与者按 1:2 配对。分析了哮喘患者（研究 I）和 GERD 患者（研究 II）中 GERD 的分层 Cox 比例风险比。结果 总共有 0.7% (583/86,096) 的哮喘组和 0.5% (430/86,096) 的对照组有 GERD ( P < 0.001)。哮喘组 GERD 的 HR 比对照组 I 组高 1.36 倍（95% CI = 1.20–1.54，P < 0.001）。根据年龄和性别进行的亚组分析显示出一致的结果。总共有 15.0% (80/532) 的 GERD 组和 10.0% (106/1,064) 的对照组患有哮喘 ( P < 0.001)。GERD 组的哮喘 HR 比对照组 II 组高 1.62 倍（95% CI = 1.21–2.18，P < 0.001）。结论 GERD 和哮喘在儿童中表现出双向关系。