For more than 20 years, researchers have used laboratory mice lacking type I or both type I and type II interferon (IFN) responses to study viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever (HF) in humans. Whereas immunocompetent mice do not become ill when infected with Ebola, Lassa, dengue and other HF viruses, IFN-deficient mice typically develop severe or fatal disease when inoculated with these pathogens. The ease of employment of these "mouse models" has led to their extensive use in biocontainment laboratories to assess the efficacy of novel vaccines, often without consideration of whether adaptive immune responses in IFN-deficient mice accurately mirror those in humans. Failure to consider these questions may lead to inappropriate expectations of the predictive value of mouse experiments. In two invited articles, we investigate this question. This paper examines how the lack of type I or both type I and type II IFN signaling may affect the development of adaptive immune responses in mice and the outcome of vaccine studies. A second article reviews the published literature on the use of IFN-deficient mice for the assessment of novel vaccines against HF viruses.

中文翻译：

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在出血热病毒研究中使用缺乏I型或I型和II型干扰素反应的小鼠。第1部分：对适应性免疫和接种反应的潜在影响。

20多年来，研究人员一直使用缺乏I型或I型和II型干扰素（IFN）反应的实验室小鼠来研究可引起人类出血热（HF）的病毒。具有免疫能力的小鼠在感染埃博拉病毒，拉沙病毒，登革热病毒和其他HF病毒时不会生病，而IFN缺陷小鼠在感染这些病原体后通常会出现严重或致命的疾病。这些“小鼠模型”的易用性导致它们在生物控制实验室中广泛使用，以评估新型疫苗的功效，而通常无需考虑IFN缺陷小鼠的适应性免疫反应是否准确地反映了人类的免疫反应。如果不考虑这些问题，可能会导致对鼠标实验的预测价值的不恰当预期。在两篇受邀的文章中，我们研究了这个问题。本文研究了缺乏I型或I型和II型IFN信号传导如何影响小鼠适应性免疫应答的发展以及疫苗研究的结果。第二篇文章回顾了有关使用IFN缺陷小鼠评估针对HF病毒的新型疫苗的文献。