The quest for functionalization of dinitrogen has been a challenging task for decades, owing to its high redox potential. The transition metal dinitrogen complex made by Allen and Senoff provoked the researchers to functionalize dinitrogen and produce ammonia either stoichiometrically or catalytically using mild reaction conditions. Predominantly there are two methodologies available for the functionalization of dinitrogen. In the first methodology, proton and electron sources are used for the functionalization of dinitrogen, which is similar to biological nitrogen fixation. In the second methodology, molecular hydrogen is used for the functionalization of dinitrogen, which is similar to the Haber–Bosch process. Nonetheless, the Haber–Bosch process is the only successful industrial methodology for the production of ammonia. However, this methodology is highly energy consuming. Hence, there is a necessity for a practically viable homogeneous catalyst that could replace the heterogeneous Haber–Bosch process and thus conserve energy. However, there are very few reports on the utilization of molecular hydrogen for the functionalization of dinitrogen owing to the difficulty in handling dinitrogen and molecular hydrogen in a single, reactor because the relatively more acidic molecular hydrogen could replace the dinitrogen. Nonetheless, only the proton part of H₂ has been used and yet it is hoped to utilize the hydride part of H₂ in the near future. This review article describes the various endeavors made by the researchers to utilize molecular hydrogen for the functionalization of dinitrogen.

中文翻译：

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过渡金属配合物促进分子氢存在下二氮的活化和功能化

由于其高的氧化还原潜力，寻求二氮功能化一直是一项艰巨的任务。艾伦（Allen）和塞诺夫（Senoff）制造的过渡金属二氮配合物促使研究人员在温和的反应条件下以化学计量或催化方式使二氮官能化并产生氨。主要有两种方法可用于二氮的功能化。在第一种方法中，质子和电子源用于二氮的功能化，这类似于生物固氮。在第二种方法中，分子氢被用于二氮的官能化，这类似于Haber-Bosch过程。尽管如此，哈伯-博世（Haber-Bosch）工艺是生产氨的唯一成功的工业方法。然而，这种方法非常耗能。因此，有必要提供一种切实可行的均相催化剂，该催化剂可以替代非均质的Haber-Bosch工艺，从而节省能源。但是，由于难以在单个反应器中处理二氮和分子氢，因为相对酸性更高的分子氢可以代替二氮，因此关于利用分子氢将二氮官能化的报道很少。但是，只有H的质子部分 由于难以在单个反应器中处理二氮和分子氢，因为相对较酸性的分子氢可以代替二氮，因此关于利用分子氢将二氮官能化的报道很少。但是，只有H的质子部分 由于难以在单个反应器中处理二氮和分子氢，因为相对较酸性的分子氢可以代替二氮，因此关于利用分子氢将二氮官能化的报道很少。但是，只有H的质子部分₂已经被使用，但它是希望利用H的氢化物部分₂在不久的将来。这篇综述文章描述了研究人员为利用分子氢对二氮进行功能化所做的各种努力。