Aims A potential of rare earth elements (including yttrium) (REY) accumulation in olives is increasing due to enhanced use of REY in human activities. REY transfer to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is little studied, and characterising the relationships between soil properties and REY concentrations in olive leaves, pomace and EVOO can enhance our understanding of soil-plant interactions. Methods Three different soil types (reclaimed karst, rendzina and cambisols), with the sum of REY concentrations (54–364 μg g −1 ) among the highest in European soils, were characterized for their pH, organic carbon, total carbonates and the applied agronomic practice. Aluminium, calcium, iron, phosphorus and REY were determined in soil (total and plant-available), olive leaves, pomace and EVOO. Results REY were mainly excluded from plant uptake and only small amounts of REY were transferred to leaves (0.2–652 ng g −1 ), pomace (0.001–10 ng g −1 ) and EVOO (<0.5–33 pg g −1 ). Soil REY availability (0.001–1685 ng g −1 ) and plant uptake increased with increasing soil acidity. Leaf REY concentrations were mainly explained by plant-available REY and pH. There was an indication of enhanced REY plant availability being associated with low available phosphorus and soil ploughing. Conclusions Soil properties influence REY uptake and further partitioning to leaves, fruits and EVOO.

中文翻译：

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亚得里亚海沿岸地区橄榄树和特级初榨橄榄油中稀土元素的积累与分配

目的 橄榄中稀土元素（包括钇） (REY) 积累的潜力随着 REY 在人类活动中的使用增加而增加。REY 转移到特级初榨橄榄油 (EVOO) 的研究很少，描述土壤特性与橄榄叶、果渣和 EVOO 中 REY 浓度之间的关系可以增强我们对土壤-植物相互作用的理解。方法 三种不同的土壤类型（再生岩溶、rendzina 和 cambisols），REY 浓度总和（54-364 μg g -1 ）在欧洲土壤中最高，对它们的 pH 值、有机碳、总碳酸盐和施用量进行表征。农艺实践。铝、钙、铁、磷和 REY 在土壤（总量和植物可利用的）、橄榄叶、果渣和 EVOO 中进行测定。结果 REY 主要被排除在植物吸收之外，只有少量 REY 转移到叶子 (0.2-652 ng g -1 )、果渣 (0.001-10 ng g -1 ) 和 EVOO (<0.5-33 pg g -1 ) . 土壤 REY 可用性 (0.001–1685 ng g -1 ) 和植物吸收随着土壤酸度的增加而增加。叶 REY 浓度主要由植物可利用 REY 和 pH 值来解释。有迹象表明 REY 植物可用性增强与低有效磷和土壤耕作有关。结论 土壤性质影响 REY 吸收并进一步分配到叶子、果实和 EVOO。叶 REY 浓度主要由植物可利用 REY 和 pH 值来解释。有迹象表明 REY 植物可用性增强与低有效磷和土壤耕作有关。结论 土壤性质影响 REY 吸收并进一步分配到叶子、果实和 EVOO。叶 REY 浓度主要由植物可利用 REY 和 pH 值来解释。有迹象表明 REY 植物可用性增强与低有效磷和土壤耕作有关。结论 土壤性质影响 REY 吸收并进一步分配到叶子、果实和 EVOO。