We report on the direct observation and simultaneous use of the linear and quadratic electro-optical effect and propose a method by which higher-order susceptibilities of electro-optical materials can be determined. The evaluation is based on the separation of the second- and third-order susceptibilities and the experimental technique uses a slot waveguide ring resonator fabricated in integrated photonic circuit technology, which is embedded by a guest-host polymer system consisting of the azobenzene dye Disperse Red 1 in a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix as an active electro-optical material. The contribution of both effects on the electro-optical response under the influence of static and time-varying electrical fields is investigated. We show that the quadratic electro-optical effect has a significant influence on the overall electro-optical response even with acentric molecular orientated molecules. Our findings have important implications for developing electro-optical dev...

中文翻译：

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直接观察并同时使用线性和二次电光效应

我们报告了线性和二次电光效应的直接观察和同时使用，并提出了一种可以确定电光材料高阶磁化率的方法。评估基于二阶和三阶磁化率的分离，并且实验技术使用集成光子电路技术制造的缝隙波导环形谐振器，该谐振器由包含偶氮苯染料分散红的客体-主体聚合物系统嵌入在作为活性电光材料的聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯）基体中具有图1的结构。研究了在静电场和时变电场的影响下两种效应对电光响应的贡献。我们表明，即使使用非中心分子定向分子，二次电光效应也对整体电光响应产生重大影响。我们的发现对开发光电器件具有重要意义。